2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid, also known as α-ketohydroxyadipic acid, plays a significant role in everyday life as an intermediate compound in the metabolic pathway of lysine degradation. This organic acid is linked to various health conditions and diseases, making it a subject of interest in the fields of biochemistry and medicine. Further research on this compound may lead to a better understanding of metabolic disorders and potential therapeutic interventions.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid, also known as 2-Hydroxyadipic acid, finds commercial and industrial applications as a building block in the production of various chemicals. Due to its structure and functional groups, it is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, polymer additives, and agricultural chemicals. Its hydroxyl group allows for easy derivatization, making it a versatile compound for chemical manufacturing processes.
In the field of drug and medication applications, 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid plays a significant role as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. Its incorporation into drug formulations helps in improving drug stability, bioavailability, and efficacy. The compound’s unique structure and properties make it a valuable ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry, aiding in the development of novel drugs and medications for various therapeutic purposes.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid is a white crystalline solid with no discernible odor. The appearance of this compound is often described as fine powder or small crystals, indicating its high purity and crystalline structure.
The molar mass of 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid is approximately 160.12 g/mol, with a density of around 1.48 g/cm³. This compound has a higher molar mass and density compared to common food items such as sugar and salt, which have molar masses around 180 g/mol and densities of 1.59 g/cm³.
2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid has a melting point of around 170°C and a boiling point of approximately 410°C. These values are significantly higher than those of common food items like butter (melting point around 32°C) and water (boiling point at 100°C), indicating the high stability and heat resistance of this compound.
This compound is sparingly soluble in water, with a lower viscosity compared to common food items like honey and syrup. 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid forms a clear solution in water but may exhibit higher viscosity at higher concentrations, making it less fluid than most food items in liquid form.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid, also known as Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, is typically produced through the enzymatic conversion of glycerol. This process involves the action of glycerol dehydrogenase to form 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid as an intermediate compound.
In order to procure 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid for research or industrial purposes, it can be synthesized in a laboratory setting using specific chemical reactions. The compound can then be transported in its synthesized form in a suitable solvent or as a solid, depending on the requirements of the recipient.
Alternatively, 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid can be obtained from reputable chemical suppliers who specialize in providing high-quality research chemicals. The compound can be procured in varying quantities, from small amounts for laboratory experiments to larger quantities for industrial applications. Additionally, the transportation of 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid can be arranged through reliable shipping methods to ensure its safe delivery to the intended destination.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid include the potential for skin irritation, eye irritation, and respiratory irritation. It is important to handle this compound with care, using appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. In case of skin contact, it is recommended to wash the affected area with soap and water. In case of eye contact, it is important to flush the eyes with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Hazard statements for 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid include “Causes skin irritation”, “Causes serious eye irritation”, and “May cause respiratory irritation”. These statements indicate the potential hazards associated with this compound and highlight the importance of handling it with caution. It is essential to follow proper safety protocols when working with 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid to minimize the risk of exposure and potential harm to health.
Precautionary statements for 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid include “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection”, “IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing”, and “IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing”. These statements provide guidance on how to safely handle this compound and what to do in case of exposure. It is important to follow these precautions to ensure the safety of individuals working with 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid may include investigating its potential as a biomarker for certain metabolic disorders, such as alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency. Researchers may also explore its role in oxidative stress and its impact on cellular metabolism.
Furthermore, studies may focus on elucidating the enzymatic pathways involved in the synthesis and degradation of 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid, shedding light on its biological significance. Additionally, research may investigate the potential therapeutic applications of 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid in modulating metabolic pathways and addressing related disorders.
Moreover, future research could delve into the interaction of 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid with other metabolites and enzymes within the metabolic network, providing insights into its regulatory mechanisms. Finally, investigations may aim to understand the impact of genetic variations or mutations on the metabolism of 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid and its implications for human health.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid is 2-Hydroxy-3-oxosuccinic acid. This compound also contains a hydroxy group attached to the second carbon atom of the carbon chain and a ketone group at the third carbon atom. The only difference between the two compounds is the length of the carbon chain, as succinic acid has four carbon atoms while adipic acid has six.
Another similar compound is 2-Hydroxy-3-oxopimelic acid. This compound shares the same functional groups as 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid, with a hydroxy group attached to the second carbon atom and a ketone group at the third carbon atom. The difference lies in the length of the carbon chain, as pimelic acid contains seven carbon atoms while adipic acid contains six.
Furthermore, 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoglutaric acid is a similar compound to 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipic acid. Both compounds have a hydroxy group attached to the second carbon atom and a ketone group at the third carbon atom. The main distinction between the two lies in the length of the carbon chain, as glutaric acid contains five carbon atoms while adipic acid contains six.
