Tetramethylsilane, a key compound in organosilicon chemistry, plays an important role in various industries and scientific research. Its unique properties make it valuable in the production of high-performance materials such as silicones, adhesives, and coatings. Additionally, Tetramethylsilane is used as a reference standard in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a technique commonly used in chemical analysis. Thus, while not widely recognized by the general public, Tetramethylsilane contributes significantly to advancements in technology and materials science that impact our daily lives.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
Tetramethylsilane, also known as TMS, finds various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a trimethylsilylating reagent in organic synthesis, particularly in the derivatization of compounds for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Additionally, TMS is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of silicone polymers, adhesives, and sealants.
In the pharmaceutical industry, tetramethylsilane is utilized in the formulation of certain drug products. It serves as a solvent for active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, aiding in the dissolution and stability of the formulation. Moreover, TMS can be employed as a coating material to improve the shelf-life and bioavailability of pharmaceutical tablets and capsules.
Due to its unique chemical properties, tetramethylsilane has further applications in the field of medicine. It is utilized in medical devices, such as catheters and implants, due to its biocompatibility and low toxicity. Additionally, TMS is used in the synthesis of diagnostic agents and contrast media for medical imaging, contributing to advancements in non-invasive diagnostic techniques.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
Tetramethylsilane is a colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature. The compound has a faintly sweet smell, similar to some organic solvents, but in general, its odor is not readily detectable by most individuals.
With a molar mass of approximately 88.21 g/mol and a density of around 0.653 g/cm³, tetramethylsilane is significantly lighter and less dense than common food items such as water, which has a molar mass of 18.02 g/mol and a density of 1.00 g/cm³. This makes tetramethylsilane much easier to handle and manipulate in laboratory conditions.
Tetramethylsilane has a melting point of around -78°C and a boiling point of approximately 26°C. In comparison, common food items such as sugar and salt have much higher melting and boiling points, typically above 100°C. This indicates that tetramethylsilane is more volatile and easily vaporized compared to these food items.
Tetramethylsilane is not soluble in water, forming a separate layer when mixed. The compound also has low viscosity, flowing easily like many organic solvents. In contrast, common food items like sugar and salt readily dissolve in water, and have higher viscosities, making them thicker and less fluid compared to tetramethylsilane.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Tetramethylsilane (TMS) is primarily produced through the reaction between trimethylchlorosilane and a metal aluminum-based reducing agent. This results in the formation of TMS along with other by-products such as aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas. The process typically takes place under controlled conditions in a laboratory or industrial setting.
Tetramethylsilane can be procured from various chemical suppliers and manufacturers that specialize in organosilicon compounds. It is commonly available in the form of a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. Transportation of TMS is typically carried out in sealed containers to prevent any leakages or contamination during transit.
When procuring Tetramethylsilane, it is important to ensure proper handling and storage procedures are followed to prevent any potential hazards. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources and incompatible chemicals. Additionally, proper labeling and documentation should accompany the shipment of TMS to ensure safe handling by personnel involved in its transport and usage.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for Tetramethylsilane are of paramount importance due to its highly flammable nature. When handling this chemical, it is crucial to keep it away from heat, sparks, and open flames, as it can easily ignite. Additionally, Tetramethylsilane should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from oxidizing agents to prevent the risk of fire or explosion. Proper personal protective equipment, such as goggles, gloves, and a lab coat, should be worn when working with Tetramethylsilane to protect against skin and eye irritation.
Tetramethylsilane poses several hazards that must be taken into account when working with this chemical. Some of the hazard statements associated with Tetramethylsilane include its flammable nature, which can result in fires and explosions if not handled properly. It is also harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, causing irritation and potentially more severe health effects. Tetramethylsilane may react violently with oxidizing agents or air, leading to the release of hazardous gases and vapors.
Precautionary measures should be rigorously followed when working with Tetramethylsilane to minimize the risk of accidents and exposure. Prior to use, it is essential to read and understand the product label, safety data sheet, and any other relevant documentation to ensure safe handling practices. Adequate ventilation should be maintained in the work area to prevent the buildup of flammable vapors. In case of a spill or leak, proper cleanup procedures should be followed, and contaminated clothing should be removed immediately. Personal protective equipment should be worn at all times when handling Tetramethylsilane to reduce the risk of skin and eye irritation, as well as inhalation exposure. If accidental exposure occurs, prompt medical attention should be sought to prevent further complications.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on Tetramethylsilane (TMS) has shown promise in various fields, including as a potential precursor in silicon-based materials synthesis. Further investigation into TMS could focus on its chemical reactivity and ability to functionalize silicon-containing compounds, which could lead to the development of new materials with unique properties.
Another area of potential research could involve exploring TMS as a potential building block for organic synthesis. By studying its use as a reagent in organic reactions, researchers may uncover novel pathways to create complex organic molecules with high selectivity and efficiency. This could have implications in the field of pharmaceuticals, where efficient synthesis of biologically active compounds is crucial.
Additionally, the study of TMS as a solvent or a cosolvent in catalytic reactions could be another avenue for research. Its unique properties as a nonpolar, low-dielectric constant solvent may offer advantages in certain catalytic processes, allowing for increased control over reaction conditions and product selectivity. Investigating its potential as a solvent in various catalytic systems could provide insights into optimizing reaction outcomes.
🧪 Related Compounds
One compound similar in molecular structure to Tetramethylsilane is Trimethylsilyl chloride. This compound has a silicon atom surrounded by three methyl groups and one chlorine atom. The presence of the chlorine atom distinguishes this compound from Tetramethylsilane.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure is Dimethyldichlorosilane. This compound contains a silicon atom bonded to two methyl groups and two chlorine atoms. The presence of the two chlorine atoms differentiates Dimethyldichlorosilane from Tetramethylsilane.
A third compound similar in structure to Tetramethylsilane is Trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. This compound consists of a silicon atom surrounded by three methyl groups and one trifluoromethanesulfonate group. The presence of the trifluoromethanesulfonate group sets this compound apart from Tetramethylsilane.
