(R)-Mandelic acid, a chiral form of the compound, has several practical applications in everyday life. It is commonly used in the skincare industry for its exfoliating properties, helping to improve the texture and appearance of the skin. Additionally, (r)-Mandelic acid is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an important building block in the synthesis of various medicines. Its significance lies in its ability to provide solutions for skincare concerns and in the development of essential medications, making it a relevant compound in our daily lives.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
(r)-Mandelic acid has various commercial and industrial applications due to its ability to act as a chiral building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. It is commonly used as a precursor in the production of pharmaceuticals like antibiotics and antiseptics.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, (r)-Mandelic acid is utilized as a key ingredient in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. It is particularly important in the production of medicines for urinary tract infections, skincare products, and anti-aging treatments. Its unique chiral structure enables it to be involved in the creation of enantiopure compounds that have specific biological activities.
The pharmaceutical industry heavily relies on (r)-Mandelic acid for its ability to introduce chirality into drug molecules, thereby enhancing their efficacy and reducing side effects. Its presence in drug formulations has been instrumental in improving the therapeutic outcomes of various medications. Researchers continue to explore new ways to utilize (r)-Mandelic acid in drug design and development to create more potent and safer drug products.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
(R)-Mandelic acid is a white crystalline solid with a faint almond-like odor. Its appearance is reminiscent of fine powder or small crystals.
With a molar mass of 152.15 g/mol and a density of 1.34 g/cm³, (R)-Mandelic acid is heavier than common household items such as water (molar mass of 18.02 g/mol, density of 1 g/cm³) and air (molar mass of 29 g/mol, density of 1.2 g/L).
The melting point of (R)-Mandelic acid is approximately 131-134°C, while its boiling point is around 256-258°C. These values are significantly higher than those of common household items such as sugar (melting point around 160°C) and water (boiling point 100°C).
(R)-Mandelic acid is sparingly soluble in water, with a solubility of about 1.1 g/L at room temperature. It has a low viscosity, making it relatively easy to handle. Compared to common household items like salt (high solubility in water) and honey (high viscosity), (R)-Mandelic acid displays different solubility and viscosity properties.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Paragraph 1: The production of (r)-Mandelic acid typically involves the enzymatic resolution of racemic mandelic acid. Enzymes such as mandelate racemase or mandelate dehydrogenase are used to selectively transform the racemic mixture into its enantiomers. This process can be carried out in bioconversion processes using microorganisms or in enzymatic synthesis using purified enzymes.
Paragraph 2: (r)-Mandelic acid can be procured commercially from specialty chemical manufacturers. It is typically available in both solid and liquid forms, with varying purities depending on the intended application. The transportation of (r)-Mandelic acid can be done through common shipping methods such as rail, road, or air transport, following all necessary safety regulations.
Paragraph 3: When procuring (r)-Mandelic acid, buyers should ensure they are obtaining the correct enantiomer for their intended use. Care must be taken during transportation to prevent contamination or degradation of the product. Proper labeling and handling instructions should accompany the shipment to ensure safe and efficient delivery.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for (r)-Mandelic acid involve proper handling and storage to avoid potential hazards. This compound should be kept in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition. It is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment when handling (r)-Mandelic acid, such as gloves, goggles, and lab coat, to prevent skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion.
Pharmacologically, (r)-Mandelic acid is a chiral molecule with various biological activities. It is commonly used as a precursor in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. (r)-Mandelic acid exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, making it a valuable compound in medicinal chemistry. Additionally, it has been investigated for its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in various studies.
Hazard statements for (r)-Mandelic acid include irritant to skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It may cause skin sensitization and irritation upon contact, and can also lead to eye irritation if exposed. Inhalation of (r)-Mandelic acid dust or vapors may result in respiratory irritation and discomfort. It is important to handle this compound with caution and to follow proper safety protocols to minimize the risk of exposure.
Precautionary statements for (r)-Mandelic acid include wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, when handling the compound. Avoid inhalation of dust or vapors by working in a well-ventilated area or using a fume hood. In case of skin or eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists. Store (r)-Mandelic acid in a tightly closed container away from incompatible materials and sources of heat or ignition.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions of (r)-Mandelic acid include studying its antibacterial properties and potential for use in pharmaceuticals. Researchers may also explore its ability to act as a chiral building block in organic synthesis, as well as its potential as a precursor for the production of specialty chemicals.
Further investigation into the solubility and stability of (r)-Mandelic acid in different solvents and conditions could provide valuable insights for its practical applications in various industries. Additionally, research on the environmental fate and degradation pathways of (r)-Mandelic acid could contribute to a better understanding of its impact on ecosystems.
Exploring the potential synergistic effects of (r)-Mandelic acid in combination with other compounds or materials could lead to the development of novel formulations with enhanced properties. Furthermore, investigating the potential health benefits of (r)-Mandelic acid as a cosmetic ingredient or dietary supplement could provide opportunities for its use in the personal care and wellness industries.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to (r)-Mandelic acid is (s)-Mandelic acid. This compound has the same molecular formula as (r)-Mandelic acid, C8H8O3, but differs in the spatial orientation of its chiral center. (s)-Mandelic acid is the enantiomer of (r)-Mandelic acid, meaning that they are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
Another compound similar to (r)-Mandelic acid is 2-Phenylglyoxylic acid. This compound also has a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid functional group, similar to (r)-Mandelic acid. The molecular formula of 2-Phenylglyoxylic acid is C8H6O3, which is the same as (r)-Mandelic acid, but the spatial arrangement of its atoms differs.
One more compound similar to (r)-Mandelic acid is 4-Hydroxymandelic acid. This compound is a derivative of (r)-Mandelic acid, with a hydroxyl group attached to the phenyl ring. The molecular formula of 4-Hydroxymandelic acid is C8H8O4, one oxygen atom more than (r)-Mandelic acid, due to the additional hydroxyl group. This compound retains the chiral center of (r)-Mandelic acid, with similar chemical properties.
