The compound (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate, commonly referred to as DHIV, plays a crucial role in the human body as an important metabolite in the valine degradation pathway. Valine is one of the essential amino acids that our bodies require for proper functioning and health. DHIV is involved in the process of breaking down valine to produce energy and various other important molecules in our cells.
In everyday life, DHIV indirectly impacts our well-being by contributing to the overall maintenance of our metabolism and energy production. By understanding the role of DHIV in valine degradation, researchers and healthcare professionals can gain insights into potential therapeutic targets for conditions related to amino acid metabolism and related disorders, ultimately improving health outcomes for individuals.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate, also known as (R)-2,3-DHIV, possesses various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a synthesis intermediate in the production of various pharmaceutical compounds, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. This compound is also utilized as a chiral building block in the preparation of advanced pharmaceuticals due to its enantiomerically pure nature.
In drug and medication applications, (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate has shown promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of certain metabolic disorders. Research suggests that this compound may be able to modulate metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism, making it a valuable target for drug development. Additionally, (R)-2,3-DHIV has exhibited antioxidant properties that could be harnessed in the development of medications to combat oxidative stress-related conditions.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate appears as a white crystalline powder with no distinctive odor. This compound is relatively odorless, making it suitable for use in various food and pharmaceutical applications.
The molar mass of (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is approximately 146.1 g/mol, with a density of 1.26 g/cm3. In comparison to common food items, such as table salt (NaCl) with a molar mass of 58.44 g/mol and a density of 2.16 g/cm3, (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate has a higher molar mass and lower density.
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate has a melting point of around 120-125°C and a boiling point of approximately 300-310°C. In contrast, common food items like sugar (sucrose) have a melting point of 186°C and a boiling point above 186°C. Therefore, (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate has lower melting and boiling points than traditional food ingredients.
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is highly soluble in water and has a low viscosity. This compound dissolves easily in water, similar to common food items like salt and sugar. In terms of viscosity, (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is less viscous compared to food items like honey, which have a higher viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is typically produced through a multi-step chemical synthesis process. This process involves the conversion of starting materials such as isovaleryl chloride and sodium cyanide to form the desired compound. Various reaction conditions and purification steps are employed to isolate (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate in its pure form.
Procurement of (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate can be achieved through specialized chemical suppliers or contract manufacturing organizations. These entities are equipped with the necessary facilities and expertise to produce and supply the compound in bulk quantities. Upon procurement, (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate can be transported in appropriate containers or vessels to ensure its stability and integrity during transit.
Transportation of (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is typically carried out using standard chemical handling procedures and safety protocols. The compound may be shipped in liquid form or as a solid powder, depending on the specific requirements of the end user. Specialized carriers or logistics companies may be utilized to ensure the safe and timely delivery of (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate to its destination.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate, a compound commonly used in biochemical research, revolve around its potential to cause skin and eye irritation. Proper protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be used when handling this substance. In addition, it is important to work with (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling any fumes or vapors it may produce.
Hazard statements for (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate include its potential to cause skin and eye irritation. This compound may also be harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Therefore, it is essential to handle (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate with caution and to follow proper safety protocols when working with it in a laboratory setting.
Precautionary statements for (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate recommend wearing protective gloves, clothing, and eye protection when handling this substance. It is also advisable to work with (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to any fumes or vapors. In case of skin or eye contact, immediate medical attention should be sought, and any contaminated clothing should be removed promptly.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions of (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate include investigating its role in metabolic pathways and its potential as a biomarker for various diseases. Researchers may also explore its significance in cellular processes and its interaction with other metabolites in the body.
Further studies could focus on understanding the enzymatic mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate. This could lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders or identification of new enzymes with potential biotechnological applications.
In addition, research may delve into the effects of (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate on microbial communities in the gut and its implications on host health. These studies could provide insights into how this metabolite influences the gut-brain axis and its role in maintaining overall well-being and health.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate based on molecular structure is (S)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate. This compound has the same molecular formula C5H10O5 but differs in stereochemistry, with the hydroxy groups attached to the carbon atoms in the opposite orientation. This mirror image isomer exhibits similar chemical properties but may interact differently with biological systems due to its chiral nature.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure to (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid. This compound also contains a hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom in a branched chain structure. While it lacks a second hydroxy group, it shares the same basic skeleton as (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate and may participate in similar metabolic pathways or reactions within biological systems.
Additionally, a related compound to (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is L-Threonine, an amino acid with a similar three-carbon backbone structure. While L-Threonine lacks the specific hydroxylation pattern found in (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate, it shares a common structural motif and may serve as a precursor or substrate in related biochemical processes. The presence of the hydroxyl group in L-Threonine allows for potential interactions with enzymes or biological molecules that could be relevant to the metabolism or function of (R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate.
