O-Xylene is a chemical compound commonly used in the production of various everyday items, such as paints, adhesives, and plastics. It is also found in gasoline and as a component of air pollution. Despite its potential health risks, o-xylene plays a significant role in our daily lives due to its prevalence in industrial and commercial sectors. Its impact on human health and the environment makes it a topic of concern and study within regulatory agencies and scientific research.
Table of Contents:
Commercial Applications
Chemical & Physical Properties
Production & Procurement
Safety Considerations
Potential Research Directions
Related Compounds
Commercial Applications
O-Xylene, a colorless and flammable liquid aromatic hydrocarbon, is primarily used in the commercial and industrial sectors. It is commonly employed in the production of phthalic anhydride, which is used to manufacture phthalate esters for plastics. O-Xylene is also utilized in the production of polyester fibers and resins.
In addition to its commercial and industrial applications, O-Xylene is used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of various drugs and medications. It is a key ingredient in the synthesis of terephthalic acid, which is used in the manufacture of antimony potassium tartrate and certain antibiotics. O-Xylene is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals such as diuretics and antihistamines.
Overall, O-Xylene plays a crucial role in both commercial and industrial settings, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. Its versatile applications make it an essential component in the production of various products ranging from plastics and resins to drugs and medications.
Chemical & Physical Properties
O-Xylene is a colorless liquid with a strong, sweet odor that is often described as similar to that of paint thinner or gasoline.
The molar mass of O-Xylene is approximately 106.2 g/mol, with a density of about 0.88 g/cm³. This places it between the molar mass and density of common food items like water (molar mass of 18 g/mol, density of 1 g/cm³) and vegetable oil (molar mass of 880 g/mol, density of 0.92 g/cm³).
O-Xylene has a melting point of -25.2°C and a boiling point of 144.4°C. These values are significantly higher than those of common food items like butter (melting point of 32°C) and water (boiling point of 100°C).
O-Xylene is relatively insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. It has a low viscosity, making it less viscous than common food items like honey or molasses.
Production & Procurement
O-Xylene, a derivative of crude oil, is primarily produced through the process of catalytic reforming which involves heating heavy naphtha in the presence of a catalyst to produce a mixture of xylene isomers including O-Xylene.
O-Xylene can be procured through various methods including direct purchase from chemical suppliers, wholesalers, or manufacturers. The compound is commonly transported in bulk quantities via tank trucks, railcars, or ocean vessels to various industries for further processing.
In the transportation of O-Xylene, precautions must be taken to ensure the compound is properly stored and handled to prevent any potential hazards. Proper labeling, packing, and adherence to safety guidelines are crucial in the safe transport of O-Xylene to its intended destination.
Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for O-Xylene are paramount due to its classification as a hazardous chemical. Exposure to O-Xylene can occur through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion, leading to potential health risks such as irritation of the respiratory system, skin, and eyes. It is important to handle O-Xylene in well-ventilated areas and wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection. Additionally, O-Xylene should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition to prevent fires or explosions.
Hazard statements for O-Xylene include its classification as a flammable liquid and a harmful substance. O-Xylene can cause skin and eye irritation upon contact, as well as respiratory irritation if inhaled. Long-term exposure may lead to central nervous system effects such as headache, dizziness, and drowsiness. It is important to handle O-Xylene with caution and follow proper safety procedures to minimize the risk of exposure and potential health hazards.
Precautionary statements for O-Xylene emphasize the importance of using appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, when handling the chemical. It is recommended to work with O-Xylene in a well-ventilated area and avoid direct skin contact or inhalation of vapors. In case of skin or eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists. Spills should be cleaned up promptly using absorbent materials and disposed of properly according to local regulations.
Potential Research Directions
O-Xylene, a compound commonly used in the production of phthalic anhydride and other chemicals, has several potential research directions. Future studies may focus on the environmental impact of o-Xylene exposure through air, water, or soil contamination. Additionally, research could investigate the effects of long-term exposure to o-Xylene on human health, including potential carcinogenic properties.
Furthermore, exploration of the synthesis and properties of o-Xylene derivatives could lead to the development of new materials with unique characteristics and applications. Studies on the chemical reactivity and functionalization of o-Xylene could contribute to the advancement of organic synthesis methodology. Additionally, research on catalysts for selective o-Xylene functionalization may lead to more efficient and sustainable processes in the chemical industry.
Moreover, investigations into the intermolecular interactions of o-Xylene with other molecules could provide insight into its behavior in various chemical processes. Studies on the crystal structure and polymorphism of o-Xylene may contribute to the understanding of its physical properties and potential applications in materials science. Furthermore, research into the biodegradation of o-Xylene by microorganisms could inform strategies for environmental remediation of contaminated sites.
Related Compounds
One similar compound to O-Xylene based upon molecular structure is M-Xylene. Also known as 1,3-dimethylbenzene, M-Xylene consists of a benzene ring with two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. This compound is commonly used in the production of phthalic anhydride, which is used in the manufacture of plasticizers.
Another similar compound to O-Xylene is P-Xylene. Also known as 1,4-dimethylbenzene, P-Xylene features a benzene ring with two methyl groups situated at positions 1 and 4. This compound is widely utilized in the production of terephthalic acid, a key component in the manufacturing of polyester fibers and plastics.
A further compound similar to O-Xylene in terms of molecular structure is Ethylbenzene. This compound consists of a benzene ring with an ethyl group attached, rather than two methyl groups as seen in O-Xylene. Ethylbenzene is notable for its use as a precursor in the production of styrene, a crucial monomer in the synthesis of polystyrene resins.
