N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine, commonly known as DEPPD, is a chemical compound that has significant relevance in various applications in everyday life. It is commonly used as an antioxidant in the rubber industry to prevent degradation and extend the lifespan of rubber products. Additionally, DEPPD is utilized in hair dyes as a color developer to enhance color retention and vibrancy. Overall, DEPPD plays a crucial role in preserving the quality and longevity of rubber products and enhancing cosmetic colorants, thus impacting daily life in subtle but essential ways.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine, commonly known as DPD, is primarily used in the commercial and industrial sectors as a colorless liquid reagent for the quantitative analysis of chlorine levels in water. Its quick reaction with chlorine leads to a pink color change that can be measured spectrophotometrically, making it an essential component in water quality testing kits used in swimming pools, drinking water systems, and wastewater treatment facilities.
In addition to its commercial and industrial applications, N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine also has notable uses in the pharmaceutical industry. DPD is a key ingredient in the formulation of certain antihistamine drugs and topical medications for skin conditions. Its ability to inhibit the oxidation of compounds makes it valuable in stabilizing pharmaceutical formulations, ensuring their efficacy and safety for consumers. Furthermore, DPD’s low toxicity profile and stable chemical properties make it a preferred choice for such applications.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine is a white crystalline solid with a faint odor. It is commonly used in various industrial applications, such as in hair dyes and photographic developers.
The molar mass of N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine is approximately 182.28 g/mol, with a density of about 1.02 g/cm3. Comparatively, this molar mass is similar to that of common food items like glucose (180.16 g/mol) and sucrose (342.3 g/mol), but its density is higher than most food items.
The melting point of N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine is around 58-60°C, while its boiling point is approximately 286-288°C. These values are considerably higher than the melting and boiling points of common food items like sugar (melting point: 186°C, boiling point: decomposes) and salt (melting point: 801°C, boiling point: 1,413°C).
N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine is sparingly soluble in water and has a high viscosity. In comparison, common food items like table salt and sugar are highly soluble in water and have a low viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine, also known as DPDA, is a chemical compound commonly used in the production of hair dyes and photographic developers. The synthesis of DPDA typically involves the reaction of aniline with ethylene chloride, followed by the addition of diethylamine to form the final product. This process is commonly carried out in industrial chemical plants under controlled conditions to ensure high purity and yield.
The procurement of N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine is typically accomplished through chemical suppliers that specialize in the distribution of specialty chemicals. The compound is usually available in bulk quantities, packaged in drums or intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) for easy transportation and storage. Due to its sensitive nature, DPDA must be handled with care and transported in compliance with regulations governing the transportation of hazardous chemicals.
Transportation of N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine is usually done using specialized chemical transport vehicles that meet the necessary safety standards for hazardous materials. The compound may be shipped by road, rail, or sea, depending on the distance and destination of the consignment. It is important to ensure that proper labeling, documentation, and safety precautions are followed during the transportation of DPDA to prevent any spills or accidents that could harm human health or the environment.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine should be taken seriously due to its potential hazards. This compound is considered harmful if swallowed, causing irritation to the gastrointestinal tract. It can also be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through the skin, leading to respiratory irritation. Additionally, N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact, so proper protective measures should be taken when handling this chemical.
Hazard statements for N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye irritation,” and “Harmful if swallowed.” These statements indicate the potential risks associated with exposure to this compound, emphasizing the importance of handling it with care and using appropriate protective equipment. It is crucial to be aware of these hazards and take necessary precautions to prevent any adverse effects on health.
Precautionary statements for N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine include “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection,” “IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting,” and “IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.” These statements provide guidance on how to safely handle and use this chemical, emphasizing the importance of using personal protective equipment and following proper procedures in case of exposure. Adhering to these precautions can help minimize the risks associated with working with N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine is its application as a color developer in photographic processing. Studies could explore its efficacy in enhancing image sharpness and color depth when used in combination with other chemicals in developing solutions.
Another area for investigation could be the potential use of N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine in cosmetics and hair dye products. Research could focus on its stability, skin irritation potential, and coloring properties when incorporated into various cosmetic formulations.
Further research could delve into the potential toxicological effects of N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine on human health and the environment. Studies could aim to establish safe exposure limits, assess its potential carcinogenicity, and evaluate its persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine is N,N-Dimethyl-P-phenylenediamine. In this compound, the two ethyl groups are replaced by methyl groups. This substitution results in a slightly different chemical behavior and potentially altered properties compared to N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine.
Another related compound is N-Ethyl-N-methyl-P-phenylenediamine. In this compound, one ethyl group and one methyl group are attached to the phenylenediamine backbone. This combination of alkyl groups may lead to unique chemical interactions and reactivity when compared to N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine.
A further analogous compound is N-Benzyl-N-ethyl-P-phenylenediamine. In this compound, one ethyl group is replaced by a benzyl group, which consists of a benzene ring attached to a methyl group. This change in structure may result in different physical and chemical properties compared to N,N-Diethyl-P-phenylenediamine, potentially influencing its applications in various fields.
