Nitrosoguanidine, a chemical compound known for its mutagenic properties, plays a significant role in everyday life as it is commonly used in scientific research to induce genetic mutations in bacteria, plants, and other organisms. This compound is crucial in the field of genetics and biotechnology, where it is employed in studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of gene mutations and the development of new drugs and therapies. Additionally, Nitrosoguanidine is also utilized in the agricultural industry for the creation of mutagenized crops with desired traits. Its relevance extends to various other industries seeking to manipulate genetic material for innovative purposes.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
Nitrosoguanidine, a chemical compound often used in industrial processes, has several commercial applications. It is commonly employed as a reagent in the synthesis of various organic compounds due to its ability to introduce functional groups such as nitro and azide. Furthermore, it serves as a precursor in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, Nitrosoguanidine plays a crucial role as a mutagen. It is utilized in studies involving mutagenesis to induce genetic changes in organisms, which aids in the understanding of gene function and regulation. Additionally, Nitrosoguanidine has been investigated for its potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of certain cancers, highlighting its significance in medical research.
Overall, Nitrosoguanidine’s diverse applications in both commercial and industrial settings underscore its importance in various scientific fields. Its versatility as a reagent and mutagen solidifies its position as a valuable compound in chemical research and drug development.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
Nitrosoguanidine is a white crystalline solid with no distinct odor. It is highly reactive and must be handled with caution in laboratory settings.
The molar mass of Nitrosoguanidine is approximately 104.08 g/mol, with a density of 1.585 g/cm³. Compared to common food items, Nitrosoguanidine has a higher molar mass and density, making it heavier and more compact.
Nitrosoguanidine has a melting point of 170-176°C and a boiling point of 218-220°C. In comparison to common food items, Nitrosoguanidine has much higher melting and boiling points, indicating its stability under high temperatures.
Nitrosoguanidine is sparingly soluble in water and has a low viscosity. Compared to common food items like salt and sugar, which are highly soluble in water and have a moderate viscosity, Nitrosoguanidine exhibits lower solubility and viscosity characteristics.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Nitrosoguanidine is typically produced through the reaction between sodium nitrite and guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide. This process leads to the formation of Nitrosoguanidine as a white crystalline solid.
Once Nitrosoguanidine has been synthesized, it can be procured from chemical suppliers or manufacturers who specialize in the production of fine chemicals. The compound is often shipped in sealed containers to prevent exposure to moisture or other contaminants during transport.
To ensure the safe handling and transportation of Nitrosoguanidine, it is important for individuals and businesses to adhere to industry regulations and guidelines regarding the storage, handling, and disposal of hazardous chemicals. Proper labeling and documentation should accompany any shipments of Nitrosoguanidine to inform handlers of its potential risks and appropriate safety precautions.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for Nitrosoguanidine should be taken seriously due to its potential as a mutagen and carcinogen. The compound is highly toxic if inhaled or ingested, and prolonged exposure may result in serious health effects. It is important to handle Nitrosoguanidine with caution and use appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. In case of skin contact, immediately wash with soap and water, and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Hazard statements for Nitrosoguanidine include its classification as a Category 3 mutagen and a Category 2 carcinogen. This means that the compound is known or presumed to have the potential to cause genetic mutations and has demonstrated the ability to cause cancer in animal studies. Nitrosoguanidine poses a serious health risk if inhaled or ingested, and precautions should be taken to minimize exposure to this hazardous substance.
Precautionary statements for Nitrosoguanidine include the necessity of wearing appropriate protective clothing and gloves when handling the compound. It is important to work with Nitrosoguanidine in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to reduce the risk of inhalation. Avoid contact with skin and eyes, and in case of accidental exposure, seek medical attention immediately. Store Nitrosoguanidine in a secure location away from incompatible substances, and always follow proper disposal procedures for hazardous waste.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for Nitrosoguanidine could include investigations into its role as a mutagenic agent and its potential application in studies of DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Researchers may also explore its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of certain types of cancer, given its ability to induce DNA mutations. Additionally, studies on the toxicological effects of Nitrosoguanidine on living organisms, including potential cellular and molecular mechanisms of its toxicity, could provide valuable insights into its biological effects.
Further research could focus on the development of new synthetic methodologies for the preparation of Nitrosoguanidine and its derivatives, in order to expand the scope of potential applications of this compound. Investigations into the stability of Nitrosoguanidine under different environmental conditions, as well as its reactivity with various biomolecules, could offer new perspectives on its chemical properties and potential uses. Lastly, studies on the potential environmental impact of Nitrosoguanidine, including its persistence and potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, could be of interest to environmental chemists and toxicologists.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to Nitrosoguanidine based upon molecular structure is Nitramide. Nitramide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula NH2NO2, which bears structural resemblance to Nitrosoguanidine. It contains both a nitro functional group and an amine functional group, making it a compound of potential interest for various applications.
Another compound with structural similarities to Nitrosoguanidine is Nitroguanidine. Nitroguanidine, with the molecular formula CH4N4O2, also consists of a nitro group attached to a guanidine moiety. Like Nitrosoguanidine, Nitroguanidine is used in some industrial applications as a precursor to explosives and propellants due to its energetic properties.
In addition to Nitrosoguanidine, Guanidine Nitrate is another compound with a comparable molecular structure. Guanidine Nitrate has the chemical formula CH5N3O3 and shares the guanidine moiety with Nitrosoguanidine. It is commonly employed in the production of various explosives and rocket propellants due to its high nitrogen content and energetic properties.
