Nicotine 1-N-oxide is a metabolite of nicotine that plays a crucial role in the pharmacokinetics and neurobiological effects of nicotine in the human body. Understanding the effects of this compound is important due to its potential impact on addiction, cardiovascular health, and neurological function. Individuals who use nicotine-containing products such as cigarettes or vaping devices may be particularly interested in the implications of Nicotine 1-N-oxide in their daily lives. Furthermore, research on this metabolite may also inform public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing tobacco use and related health risks.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
Nicotine 1-N-oxide is primarily used in the commercial and industrial sector as a precursor for the synthesis of other compounds. It is commonly employed in the production of various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes due to its high reactivity and versatility. Additionally, Nicotine 1-N-oxide is utilized in the manufacturing of certain insecticides and herbicides.
In terms of drug and medication applications, Nicotine 1-N-oxide has shown potential as a therapeutic agent for various medical conditions. Research suggests that it may possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, making it a promising candidate for the development of new pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, Nicotine 1-N-oxide has been investigated for its potential role in smoking cessation therapies, as it is structurally similar to nicotine and may help reduce withdrawal symptoms in individuals trying to quit smoking.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
Nicotine 1-N-oxide appears as a white crystalline solid with a slight odor. It is known for its bitter taste and is commonly used in research settings for its pharmacological properties.
The molar mass of Nicotine 1-N-oxide is approximately 178.22 g/mol, with a density of about 1.24 g/cm³. In comparison to common household items, Nicotine 1-N-oxide has a lower molar mass than table salt (NaCl) and a higher density than olive oil.
Nicotine 1-N-oxide has a melting point of around 110-112°C and a boiling point of approximately 254-256°C. These values are higher than those of water (melting point of 0°C, boiling point of 100°C) but lower than those of iron (melting point of 1538°C, boiling point of 2861°C).
Nicotine 1-N-oxide is sparingly soluble in water, with a high viscosity. In comparison to common household items, it is less soluble in water than sugar and more viscous than vegetable oil. Its properties make it a challenging substance to work with in aqueous solutions.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Nicotine 1-N-oxide, a chemical compound of interest in the field of pharmacology, is typically produced through the oxidation of nicotine. This process involves the use of oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate, to convert nicotine into its N-oxide derivative. After the oxidation reaction is complete, various purification techniques, such as column chromatography, may be employed to isolate Nicotine 1-N-oxide in its pure form.
The procurement of Nicotine 1-N-oxide can be accomplished through reputable chemical suppliers or pharmaceutical companies that specialize in the production of fine chemicals. Once procured, this compound can be stored in airtight containers and transported under controlled conditions to ensure its stability and purity. Due to its chemical nature, Nicotine 1-N-oxide should be handled with care and stored away from heat, light, and moisture to prevent degradation or decomposition.
When transporting Nicotine 1-N-oxide, it is essential to comply with all relevant safety regulations and guidelines to prevent accidents or chemical spills. Proper labeling, packaging, and documentation should be in place to ensure the safe transport of this compound. Additionally, the use of appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, is recommended when handling Nicotine 1-N-oxide to minimize the risk of exposure and potential health hazards.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for Nicotine 1-N-oxide should be taken seriously due to its potential hazards. Proper handling, storage, and disposal procedures should be followed to minimize the risk of exposure to this chemical compound. It is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat, when working with Nicotine 1-N-oxide to prevent skin contact, eye irritation, or inhalation of vapors.
Nicotine 1-N-oxide exhibits pharmacological effects similar to nicotine, as it is a metabolite of nicotine in the human body. It acts as a partial agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, leading to the activation of these receptors in various tissues. This can result in stimulatory effects on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and other physiological processes, similar to the effects of nicotine. However, the specific pharmacological profile of Nicotine 1-N-oxide may vary slightly from that of nicotine.
The hazard statements for Nicotine 1-N-oxide indicate the potential risks associated with this chemical compound. According to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Nicotine 1-N-oxide may cause skin irritation, eye irritation, and respiratory irritation upon exposure. It is classified as a harmful substance and should be handled with caution to prevent adverse health effects. In case of accidental ingestion, inhalation, or contact with Nicotine 1-N-oxide, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Precautionary statements for handling Nicotine 1-N-oxide include recommendations for safe use, storage, and disposal of this chemical compound. It is important to keep Nicotine 1-N-oxide in a tightly closed container in a well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and incompatible materials. When working with Nicotine 1-N-oxide, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking to prevent accidental ingestion. In case of a spill or leak, contain the material and clean it up using appropriate absorbent materials and personal protective equipment.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on Nicotine 1-N-oxide has the potential to explore its physiological effects on the central nervous system, particularly in relation to addiction and dependence.
Studies could investigate the pharmacological properties of Nicotine 1-N-oxide, such as its interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and its potential as a therapeutic target for smoking cessation therapies.
Further research may focus on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of Nicotine 1-N-oxide, in order to better understand its bioavailability and elimination from the body. This could lead to the development of novel nicotine replacement therapies.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to Nicotine 1-N-oxide based upon molecular structure is Nornicotine 1-N-oxide. This compound is a metabolite of nornicotine, an alkaloid found in tobacco plants. Nornicotine 1-N-oxide has shown to have similar effects to nicotine in terms of binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Another compound with a similar structure to Nicotine 1-N-oxide is Anabasine 1-N-oxide. Anabasine is also an alkaloid found in plants of the Nicotiana genus, such as tobacco and tomatoes. The N-oxide form of anabasine has been studied for its potential pharmacological properties, including its interaction with nicotinic receptors.
One more compound that shares a structural similarity to Nicotine 1-N-oxide is Cotinine 1-N-oxide. Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine that is often used as a biomarker for tobacco exposure. Cotinine 1-N-oxide has been identified as a minor metabolite of cotinine, and its physiological effects are still under investigation.
