N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, commonly known as IPPD, is a chemical compound primarily used as an antioxidant in the production of rubber products. Its main function is to prevent degradation caused by exposure to heat, oxygen, and ozone, thus extending the lifespan and durability of rubber materials. This compound plays a crucial role in various everyday products such as tires, hoses, gaskets, and seals, ensuring their reliability and performance over an extended period of time. Despite its technical nature, IPPD directly impacts consumers by enhancing the safety and longevity of commonly used rubber-based items in transportation, construction, and industrial applications.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
The compound N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, also known as IPPD, has several commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as an antioxidant in rubber products to prevent the degradation of materials exposed to oxygen, heat, and ozone. IPPD is also utilized as a stabilizer in plastics to increase their resistance to oxidation.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine has been studied for its potential therapeutic properties. Research has shown that IPPD may have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of various diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, IPPD has shown potential in improving wound healing processes due to its antioxidant properties.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, commonly known as IPPD, is a white to light brown crystalline solid with a slight amine-like odor. It is commonly used as an antioxidant in rubber compounds.
With a molar mass of approximately 226.3 g/mol and a density of around 1.2 g/cm³, IPPD is heavier than most common food items such as water and sugar. Its molecular structure contributes to its relatively high molar mass and density compared to food ingredients.
IPPD has a melting point of around 70-74°C and a boiling point of approximately 307°C. These temperatures are significantly higher than those of common food items such as butter and chocolate, which melt at lower temperatures. The high melting and boiling points of IPPD make it more stable under heat compared to food items.
IPPD is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and ethanol. It has a moderate viscosity, making it easy to handle and mix into rubber compounds. In comparison to common food items, IPPD’s low solubility in water and moderate viscosity set it apart from substances like salt and sugar, which are highly soluble in water.
🏭 Production & Procurement
N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, commonly known as IPPD, is primarily produced through a synthetic process involving the reaction of aniline and isopropylamine with p-phenylenediamine. This reaction typically takes place in the presence of various catalysts and under controlled conditions to ensure the desired product is obtained. The resultant IPPD is then purified through a series of purification steps to remove impurities and ensure its quality and effectiveness.
The procurement of N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine is usually conducted through specialty chemical suppliers or manufacturers who produce and distribute this compound in various quantities. IPPD is commonly available in solid form and can be transported in containers such as bags, drums, or bulk packaging depending on the volume required by the end user. Due to its stable nature, IPPD can be safely transported using standard shipping methods and stored in appropriate conditions to maintain its quality and integrity.
When procuring N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, it is essential to adhere to proper handling and storage procedures to prevent contamination or degradation of the compound. It is recommended to store IPPD in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials to maintain its stability. Additionally, proper labeling and documentation should accompany the transport and storage of IPPD to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and to facilitate traceability throughout the supply chain.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, a common antioxidant and antiozonant found in rubber products, must be carefully observed due to its potential health hazards. Exposure to N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine can result in skin irritation, eye irritation, and respiratory irritation. In addition, prolonged or repeated exposure may cause allergic skin reactions. Therefore, it is crucial to handle this chemical with caution and use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, when working with it. Furthermore, proper ventilation should be ensured to prevent inhalation of the substance.
According to hazard statements for N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, the chemical is harmful if swallowed, causes skin irritation, causes serious eye irritation, and may cause respiratory irritation. In case of ingestion, immediate medical attention is required. Contact with skin should be avoided, and any contaminated clothing should be removed promptly. In case of exposure to eyes, thorough rinsing with water should be done for several minutes while keeping eyelids open. It is important to seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Precautionary statements for N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine include the necessity of wearing protective gloves and eye protection when handling the substance. Skin contact should be avoided, and hands should be washed thoroughly after handling. In case of eye contact, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing. Avoid inhalation of the chemical and work in a well-ventilated area. It is also important to store N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine has primarily focused on its efficacy as an antioxidant in various industrial products. Future directions of study could explore its potential application in hair dyes and other cosmetic formulations due to its ability to prevent color fading and oxidative damage.
Furthermore, investigations could be conducted on the compound’s impact on human health and environmental safety. Studies may examine its potential toxicological effects and the possibility of bioaccumulation in living organisms. This research could provide valuable insights into the compound’s overall safety profile.
Additionally, research could delve into the synthesis and modification of N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine to enhance its antioxidant properties or develop novel derivatives with improved performance. Such studies could contribute to the development of more effective antioxidant additives for a wide range of commercial products.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine in terms of molecular structure is N-Isopropyl-N’-methyl-p-phenylenediamine. This compound has a similar structure, but with a methyl group in place of the phenyl group on one of the nitrogen atoms. The substitution of the phenyl group with a smaller methyl group alters the steric hindrance and electronic properties of the compound.
Another related compound is N-Isopropyl-N’-t-butyl-p-phenylenediamine. In this compound, the phenyl group on one nitrogen atom is replaced with a t-butyl group. The larger t-butyl group has a different impact on the steric hindrance and electronic properties of the compound compared to the phenyl group. This alteration in substituents can lead to variations in the compound’s reactivity and stability.
