Isovaleronitrile is a chemical compound that plays a crucial role in various industrial processes and applications. One of its primary uses is as a precursor in the production of valerolactam, which is a key ingredient in the manufacturing of nylon. Additionally, isovaleronitrile is utilized in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and specialty chemicals. Its versatile applications make it an essential component in modern manufacturing processes, thus highlighting its relevance in everyday life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
Isovaleronitrile, also known as 3-Methylbutyronitrile, has several commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and flavoring compounds. Isovaleronitrile is also utilized in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber and plastics due to its ability to enhance the properties of these materials.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, Isovaleronitrile plays a crucial role in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. It is a key building block in the production of certain antibiotics, sedatives, and antipsychotic drugs. Additionally, Isovaleronitrile is utilized in the creation of insecticides and herbicides, highlighting its significance in the agricultural sector.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
Isovaleronitrile is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor similar to that of almonds. It is highly volatile at room temperature, easily evaporating into the air.
The molar mass of Isovaleronitrile is approximately 99.14 g/mol, and its density is around 0.784 g/cm³. Compared to common food items, such as water (molar mass of 18.015 g/mol, density of 1 g/cm³) and olive oil (molar mass of 886.49 g/mol, density of 0.92 g/cm³), Isovaleronitrile has a lower molar mass and density.
Isovaleronitrile has a melting point of -54°C and a boiling point of 97-100°C. In comparison, common food items like butter (melting point of 32-35°C, boiling point of 177°C) and sugar (melting point of 185°C, decomposition point below boiling) have higher melting and boiling points.
Isovaleronitrile is slightly soluble in water, but forms an azeotrope at 98.5°C. It has a low viscosity, flowing easily like water. In contrast, common food items like salt (high solubility in water) and honey (high viscosity) have different solubility and viscosity properties.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Isovaleronitrile is primarily produced by the reaction of isovaleraldehyde with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst. This process typically occurs in a controlled industrial setting under specific conditions to ensure the efficiency and safety of the reaction.
Once Isovaleronitrile is produced, it can be procured through various chemical suppliers or manufacturers who specialize in its production. The compound is typically transported in sealed containers or tanks to prevent any leaks or spills during transit. Special care should be taken to ensure that Isovaleronitrile is handled and stored according to specific guidelines to minimize the risk of exposure or accidents.
Due to the potential hazards associated with Isovaleronitrile, it is crucial to follow proper safety protocols when procuring and handling this chemical compound. Workers involved in the transportation and handling of Isovaleronitrile should be trained in proper safety procedures and equipped with appropriate protective gear to minimize the risk of exposure or accidents. Additionally, regulatory guidelines and restrictions may apply to the procurement and use of Isovaleronitrile to ensure compliance with safety and environmental standards.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for Isovaleronitrile should be taken very seriously due to its potential hazards. Isovaleronitrile is a highly flammable liquid and vapor, which can cause fires and explosions if not stored properly. It is also harmful if inhaled, causing respiratory irritation and potentially leading to lung damage. Direct contact with Isovaleronitrile can cause skin and eye irritation, and it may be harmful if swallowed, leading to gastrointestinal irritation and possible harmful effects on the central nervous system. Proper personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, should be worn when handling Isovaleronitrile to minimize the risk of exposure.
Hazard statements for Isovaleronitrile include “Highly flammable liquid and vapor,” warning of the fire and explosion hazards associated with this substance. Another hazard statement is “Harmful if swallowed,” indicating the potential dangers of ingestion, such as gastrointestinal irritation and harmful effects on the central nervous system. “Causes skin and eye irritation” is another hazard statement, highlighting the need for proper protective equipment and handling procedures to prevent skin and eye contact with Isovaleronitrile. Overall, these hazard statements emphasize the importance of taking necessary precautions when working with Isovaleronitrile to ensure personal safety and prevent accidents.
Precautionary statements for Isovaleronitrile include “Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces – No smoking,” to prevent fire and explosion hazards due to its flammable nature. “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection” is another precautionary statement, emphasizing the need for proper personal protective equipment when handling Isovaleronitrile to prevent skin and eye irritation. “If swallowed, rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting” is a precautionary statement for ingestion, indicating the proper course of action in case of accidental swallowing. These precautionary statements stress the importance of following safety procedures and guidelines to minimize the risks associated with Isovaleronitrile and ensure a safe working environment.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on Isovaleronitrile, a chemical compound used in the production of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals, has the potential to explore its pharmacological properties and potential as a drug candidate. Investigations may focus on its mechanism of action, bioavailability, and potential therapeutic applications.
Further research directions could include studying the environmental impact of Isovaleronitrile, particularly its persistence and toxicity in soil and water systems. Understanding its degradation pathways and potential for bioaccumulation in the environment is crucial for assessing its ecological risk and developing appropriate mitigation strategies.
Exploring the synthesis and potential modifications of Isovaleronitrile derivatives could also be a promising research direction. By systematically studying the structure-activity relationship of different derivatives, researchers could identify compounds with improved pharmacological properties or novel applications in various industries.
Overall, the research on Isovaleronitrile spans a wide range of disciplines, from pharmacology to environmental science to organic chemistry. Collaborative efforts among researchers from different fields could lead to comprehensive insights into the compound’s properties and applications, opening up new avenues for further exploration and innovation.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to Isovaleronitrile based upon molecular structure is Isobutyronitrile. This compound has a similar structure to Isovaleronitrile, with a branched carbon chain and a nitrile group attached. Isobutyronitrile is commonly used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals due to its unique properties.
Another compound similar to Isovaleronitrile is 2-Methylbutyronitrile. This compound also contains a branched carbon chain with a nitrile group attached. 2-Methylbutyronitrile is used in various industrial processes, including the production of plastics and synthetic rubber.
One more compound with a similar structure to Isovaleronitrile is 3-Methylbutyronitrile. Like Isovaleronitrile, this compound contains a branched carbon chain and a nitrile group. 3-Methylbutyronitrile is often used as a solvent in chemical reactions and as a building block for the synthesis of fine chemicals.
