DL-Cystine is a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes within the human body. It is primarily known for its ability to promote the growth and repair of tissues, particularly in the skin, hair, and nails. Additionally, DL-Cystine has antioxidant properties that help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Given its importance in maintaining overall health and vitality, DL-Cystine can be found in numerous dietary supplements and cosmetic products. Overall, the significance of DL-Cystine in everyday life lies in its contribution to physical well-being and aesthetic appearance.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
DL-Cystine, a crystalline amino acid compound, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a source of sulfur in the production of cosmetics, hair care products, and dietary supplements. DL-Cystine is also utilized in the manufacturing of certain food products, such as flavorings and enhancers.
In the pharmaceutical realm, DL-Cystine plays a crucial role in drug and medication applications. It is used as a pharmaceutical ingredient in the production of medications aimed at treating various health conditions, including respiratory issues, liver disorders, and skin conditions. DL-Cystine is known for its antioxidant properties and is often included in formulations designed to promote overall health and well-being.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
DL-cystine is a white, odorless solid at room temperature. It appears as colorless crystals or powder, with no distinct smell detected upon observation.
The molar mass of DL-cystine is approximately 240.3 g/mol, with a density of 1.64 g/cm³. These values are comparable to common household items such as table salt (molar mass of 58.44 g/mol, density of 2.165 g/cm³), but differ from substances like water (molar mass of 18.015 g/mol, density of 1.00 g/cm³).
DL-cystine has a melting point of around 280-300°C and a boiling point of approximately 500°C. These values are significantly higher compared to common household items like sugar (melting point of 186°C, boiling point of 368°C), but comparable to substances like aspirin (melting point of 135°C, boiling point of 140°C).
DL-cystine is sparingly soluble in water, forming a clear, colorless solution. It has a relatively low viscosity, resembling that of vegetable oil. These properties differ from common household items like salt (high solubility in water) and honey (high viscosity).
🏭 Production & Procurement
DL-Cystine, a non-essential amino acid, is commonly produced synthetically through chemical processes. Starting materials such as L-Cystine or DL-Methionine can be used as precursors in the production of DL-Cystine. Various chemical reactions involving oxidation and sulfuration are employed to convert these precursors into DL-Cystine.
DL-Cystine can generally be procured from chemical suppliers that specialize in amino acids and biochemical compounds. It is available in various forms such as powders, crystals, or capsules. The compound may also be sourced from pharmaceutical companies or research institutions for specific applications. Transport of DL-Cystine typically involves packaging in airtight containers to prevent oxidation and degradation during transit.
Upon procurement, DL-Cystine can be transported via standard shipping methods such as ground or air transport. Special care must be taken to avoid exposure to extreme temperatures or intense light, which can degrade the compound. Proper labeling detailing the contents and handling instructions is essential for safe transportation of DL-Cystine.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for DL-Cystine include the potential for irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system if exposed to the substance. It is important to handle DL-Cystine with care, using appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a mask to prevent contact and inhalation. In case of accidental exposure, it is advised to seek medical attention immediately and provide relevant information about the substance to healthcare professionals.
DL-Cystine is a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a role in protein synthesis and is a component of the antioxidant glutathione. It is commonly used in dietary supplements to support overall health and as a flavoring agent in the food industry. When ingested, DL-Cystine is broken down into two molecules of L-Cystine, which is further metabolized to support various biological processes in the body.
Hazard statements for DL-Cystine include the potential for skin and eye irritation, as well as respiratory irritation if inhaled. It is important to avoid direct contact with DL-Cystine and to work in a well-ventilated area when handling the substance. In case of exposure, rinse affected areas with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Precautionary statements for DL-Cystine include recommendations for safe handling, storage, and disposal of the substance. It is important to keep DL-Cystine in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials. Proper labeling and training for handling DL-Cystine are essential to minimize the risk of exposure and ensure safe use of the substance.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for DL-Cystine may include exploring its role in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms within the body. Studies may focus on understanding how DL-Cystine interacts with other antioxidants to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Researchers may also investigate the potential therapeutic applications of DL-Cystine in treating conditions related to oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and certain types of cancer. The efficacy and safety of DL-Cystine supplementation could be further explored through clinical trials and animal studies.
Furthermore, research could delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying the conversion of DL-Cystine into cysteine, a key amino acid involved in protein synthesis and various metabolic pathways. By elucidating these pathways, scientists may uncover novel targets for drug development and therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating cellular redox status.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to DL-Cystine is L-Cystine, which is the enantiomer of DL-Cystine. Enantiomers are molecules that are mirror images of each other but are not superimposable. In the case of L-Cystine, its structure is identical to DL-Cystine, but the arrangement of atoms differs in terms of chirality.
Another compound similar to DL-Cystine is homocystine, which is a dimer of homocysteine. Homocystine has a similar molecular structure to DL-Cystine, with two molecules of homocysteine linked by a disulfide bond. This linkage results in a compound that is structurally related to DL-Cystine but differs in the specific amino acids involved.
DL-Homocystine is yet another compound that shares a similar molecular structure to DL-Cystine. DL-Homocystine is the racemic mixture of the dimer of homocysteine, similar to DL-Cystine being the racemic mixture of the dimer of cysteine. Both DL-Homocystine and DL-Cystine exhibit similar properties due to their structural similarities, albeit with variations in the specific amino acids involved.
