Dinitrofluorobenzene is a chemical compound commonly utilized in the field of dermatology as a reagent for patch testing in the diagnosis of contact dermatitis. This condition, characterized by inflammation of the skin upon contact with certain substances, is a common occurrence in everyday life, with triggers ranging from cosmetics to household cleaning products. By aiding in the identification of allergens causing skin irritation, Dinitrofluorobenzene plays a crucial role in helping individuals manage and avoid such reactions in their daily routines.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) finds commercial and industrial applications as a chemical reagent for the detection and quantification of primary amines in organic compounds. DNFB is commonly used in laboratories for the analysis of amino acids in proteins, peptides, and other biomolecules. It is also utilized in the synthesis of various organic compounds due to its ability to react with nucleophiles and form stable derivatives.
In drug and medication applications, Dinitrofluorobenzene has been employed as a sensitizer in immunotherapy and vaccine development. DNFB is known to induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity response in animal models, making it a valuable tool for studying immune responses and allergic reactions. This property has led to the use of DNFB in research on autoimmune diseases, drug sensitivities, and skin allergies, as well as in the development of novel immunotherapies.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
Dinitrofluorobenzene is a yellow crystalline solid with a faint odor. It is sparingly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents.
With a molar mass of 191.11 g/mol and a density of 1.67 g/cm^3, dinitrofluorobenzene is much heavier than most common food items such as sugar or salt, which have lower molar masses and densities.
Dinitrofluorobenzene has a melting point of 52.5°C and a boiling point of 309°C. These values are significantly higher than those of common food items like butter or chocolate, which have lower melting and boiling points.
In water, dinitrofluorobenzene exhibits low solubility and has a relatively high viscosity. This differs from common food items which are typically more soluble in water and have lower viscosities.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Dinitrofluorobenzene, also known as fluorodinitrobenzene, is produced through the nitration of fluorobenzene with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. The nitration process involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring with a nitro group, resulting in the formation of dinitrofluorobenzene.
Dinitrofluorobenzene can be procured from chemical supply companies that specialize in the production of fine chemicals and specialty reagents. It is typically available in solid form as a white to off-white crystalline powder. Due to its toxic and explosive nature, dinitrofluorobenzene must be handled with care and in compliance with safety regulations.
The transportation of dinitrofluorobenzene typically requires specialized packaging and labeling to ensure safe handling and transportation. It is classified as a hazardous material and must be shipped in accordance with regulations set forth by the Department of Transportation. Proper documentation and training are necessary for the safe transportation of dinitrofluorobenzene to prevent accidents or environmental hazards.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety Considerations for Dinitrofluorobenzene:
Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) is a chemical compound that is primarily used in immunology research as a hapten to induce hypersensitivity reactions in experimental animals. Due to its toxic and irritating properties, appropriate safety precautions must be taken when working with DNFB. It is important to handle this compound in a well-ventilated area, preferably under a fume hood, to minimize exposure to its fumes. Personal protective equipment such as gloves, lab coat, and safety goggles should be worn at all times when handling DNFB to prevent skin contact and inhalation of the chemical.
It is essential to store DNFB in a cool, dry place away from heat, direct sunlight, and incompatible materials to prevent potential chemical reactions or degradation. Proper labeling of containers containing DNFB is crucial to ensure that the chemical is not mistaken for another substance. In case of accidental exposure to DNFB, immediate medical attention should be sought, and the appropriate first aid measures should be administered. Overall, strict adherence to safety guidelines and protocols is imperative when working with Dinitrofluorobenzene to promote a safe laboratory environment.
Hazard Statements for Dinitrofluorobenzene:
The hazard statements for Dinitrofluorobenzene include: “Causes severe skin burns and eye damage,” indicating the corrosive nature of the compound. Additionally, DNFB is classified as “Harmful if swallowed” and “May cause respiratory irritation,” highlighting the potential health risks associated with inhalation or ingestion of the chemical. It is also noted that DNFB is hazardous to aquatic life with long-lasting effects, emphasizing the environmental dangers posed by improper disposal of the compound.
Precautionary Statements for Dinitrofluorobenzene:
Precautionary measures for working with Dinitrofluorobenzene include: “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection,” to minimize the risk of skin and eye contact with the chemical. It is advised to “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray” and to “Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product,” to prevent inhalation or ingestion of DNFB. Proper disposal of DNFB and contaminated materials should be carried out in accordance with local regulations to prevent environmental harm. Overall, strict adherence to precautionary statements is crucial to ensure the safe handling and use of Dinitrofluorobenzene.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research into Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) has been primarily focused on its use as a hapten in immunological studies. This compound has been extensively utilized in the field of dermatology for the induction of contact hypersensitivity in animal models. Future research directions may involve exploring the potential applications of DNFB in autoimmune disease models and understanding its mechanism of action in triggering immune responses.
Studies have also investigated the toxicological effects of DNFB, particularly its potential as a skin sensitizer. Research in this area may explore the risk of skin sensitization from exposure to DNFB-containing products and the development of alternative methods for testing skin sensitization potential. Additionally, investigations into the environmental impact of DNFB and its persistence in ecosystems could be a potential research direction.
Furthermore, research may focus on the synthesis and characterization of novel derivatives of Dinitrofluorobenzene with enhanced properties for various applications. These could include modifications to improve solubility, bioavailability, or targeting specificity for potential medical or industrial uses. Overall, the exploration of new compounds derived from DNFB may lead to the development of innovative therapies or materials in the future.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to Dinitrofluorobenzene based upon molecular structure is Trinitrofluorobenzene. This compound is structurally related to Dinitrofluorobenzene but features an additional nitro group. This extra nitro group contributes to its reactivity and potential applications in organic chemistry.
Another related compound is Dinitrochlorobenzene, which is structurally similar to Dinitrofluorobenzene but contains a chlorine atom instead of a fluorine atom. Despite this difference, Dinitrochlorobenzene shares similar chemical properties and is commonly used in research and industrial applications.
Para-Nitrochlorobenzene is another compound with a molecular structure similar to Dinitrofluorobenzene. In this compound, the nitro group is positioned differently on the benzene ring. This slight variation in molecular structure can impact its chemical reactivity and uses, making it another important compound in organic chemistry research.
