Chorismic acid plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of important compounds such as amino acids, vitamins, and antibiotics. These compounds are essential for the normal functioning of living organisms and have significant implications for various industries including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and biotechnology. Therefore, understanding the biochemical pathways involving chorismic acid is crucial for advancing research and innovation across multiple fields and impacting everyday life through the development of new drugs, improved agricultural practices, and enhanced biotechnological products.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
Chorismic acid, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, has several commercial and industrial applications. It is used as a starting material for the production of shikimic acid, a compound essential for the synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate, the active ingredient in the antiviral drug Tamiflu. Chorismic acid is also utilized in the manufacturing of various flavors, fragrances, and dyes due to its role as a precursor in the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds.
In addition to its commercial and industrial uses, chorismic acid also has important drug and medication applications. The production of antibiotics such as chloramphenicol and tetracycline involves the conversion of chorismic acid into other compounds with antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, chorismic acid plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of folate, a B-vitamin essential for DNA synthesis and cell growth. This connection to folate metabolism makes chorismic acid an important target in the development of antimicrobial and anticancer drugs.
Overall, chorismic acid’s diverse applications in both commercial and industrial sectors highlight its significance in the production of essential compounds for human health and well-being. Its role as a precursor in the biosynthesis of various pharmaceuticals and aromatic compounds underscores the importance of further research and exploration into the potential benefits of this versatile molecule.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
Chorismic acid is a white, crystalline compound that is odorless in its pure form. It has a distinct appearance of small, needle-like crystals when in a solid state.
With a molar mass of approximately 334.31 g/mol and a density of 1.65 g/cm3, Chorismic acid falls within the range of common household items such as table salt (NaCl) and baking soda (NaHCO3) in terms of molar mass and density.
Chorismic acid has a melting point of around 174-176°C and a boiling point of approximately 296-301°C. These values are higher compared to common household items like sugar (sucrose) and water.
Chorismic acid is sparingly soluble in water and exhibits a moderate viscosity. In terms of solubility in water and viscosity, it is similar to substances like cornstarch and honey that are commonly found in households.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Chorismic acid is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds in organisms. The production of Chorismic acid typically occurs through a series of enzymatic reactions in the shikimate pathway within microorganisms and plants. This pathway involves multiple steps that convert simple molecules such as phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate into Chorismic acid.
Procurement of Chorismic acid can be achieved through either isolation from natural sources or chemical synthesis in laboratory settings. Natural sources of Chorismic acid include certain bacteria, fungi, and plants that produce this compound as part of their metabolic processes. Once isolated, Chorismic acid can be transported in a stable form using various solvents or carrier molecules to preserve its structural integrity during transit.
For laboratory synthesis, Chorismic acid can be produced through chemical reactions using precursors and catalysts to mimic the enzymes involved in its natural biosynthesis. The chemical synthesis of Chorismic acid allows for greater control over the reaction conditions and yields of the compound. Once synthesized, Chorismic acid can be purified and transported for research or industrial applications, depending on the specific needs and requirements of the end-users.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for Chorismic acid include the potential for skin and eye irritation upon contact. It is advisable to wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and safety goggles when handling this compound. In addition, Chorismic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place away from sources of heat or flame to prevent any risk of combustion.
Chorismic acid is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in microorganisms and plants. It serves as a precursor for the production of essential compounds such as tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine through various enzymatic pathways. This molecule plays a crucial role in the metabolic processes of these organisms and is essential for their growth and survival.
Hazard statements associated with Chorismic acid include “Causes skin and eye irritation” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” These warnings highlight the potential risks of exposure to this compound and emphasize the importance of taking necessary precautions when working with it. It is essential to follow safe handling procedures and utilize proper protective equipment to minimize the likelihood of adverse effects.
Precautionary statements for Chorismic acid include “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection” and “IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.” These precautions outline specific actions to take in the event of exposure to Chorismic acid to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals. It is crucial to adhere to these guidelines to reduce the potential hazards associated with this compound.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Chorismic acid, a key metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds, holds a significant potential for further research in pharmaceutical and biochemical applications. Its role as a precursor to essential compounds such as aromatic amino acids, ubiquinones, and siderophores has sparked interest in exploring its enzymatic production and metabolic pathways.
Investigations into the enzymatic mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of chorismic acid could provide valuable insights into metabolic engineering strategies for the production of high-value compounds. Through detailed studies of the biosynthetic pathways, researchers may uncover novel enzymes or metabolic intermediates that could be targeted for biotechnological applications, such as drug development or biofuel production.
Moreover, the manipulation of chorismic acid biosynthesis pathways in microorganisms could lead to the development of engineered strains capable of producing valuable pharmaceuticals or other bioproducts. By understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control chorismic acid production, researchers can optimize metabolic engineering strategies to enhance the yields of desired compounds. Overall, further research into chorismic acid has the potential to unlock new pathways for advancing biotechnological applications and expanding the scope of metabolic engineering.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to Chorismic acid based upon molecular structure is prephenic acid. Prephenic acid is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine. It is formed from the condensation of erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate, similar to the formation of chorismic acid.
Another compound structurally similar to Chorismic acid is isochorismic acid. Isochorismic acid is an isomer of chorismic acid that can serve as a precursor in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. It can be converted to precursor molecules through various enzymatic reactions, making it a crucial intermediate in the shikimate pathway.
Additionally, a related compound to Chorismic acid is 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) – an important intermediate molecule in the shikimate pathway. EPSP is a central compound that serves as a substrate for the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. It plays a crucial role in directing the flow of carbon through the shikimate pathway towards the production of essential aromatic compounds.
