(+)-Bornyl-diphosphate is a naturally occurring compound found in certain plants, particularly conifers. It serves as a precursor to various bioactive molecules, including the essential oil component known as bornyl acetate. This compound is commonly used in perfumery, aromatherapy, and medicines due to its pleasant scent and potential therapeutic properties. As such, the relevance of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate to everyday life lies in its contribution to the fragrance industry and its potential health benefits when incorporated into various products.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
(+)-Bornyl-diphosphate, a naturally occurring terpene, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes, air fresheners, and household products due to its pleasant pine-like aroma. Additionally, it is utilized in the production of flavorings for food and beverages, such as confectionery and chewing gum.
In the field of drug and medication applications, (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate has shown promising potential. Studies have indicated its antibacterial properties, making it a possible candidate for use in antimicrobial formulations. Furthermore, it has been explored for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, suggesting its potential use in pharmaceutical products for various health conditions.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
(+)-Bornyl-diphosphate is a colorless, transparent liquid with a pleasant, pine-like odor. Its appearance is described as viscous and slightly oily.
The molar mass of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate is approximately 270 g/mol, and its density is around 0.95 g/cm3. Compared to common food items like sugar or salt, (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate has a higher molar mass and lower density.
The melting point of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate is around 70°C, while its boiling point is approximately 258°C. These values are higher than those of many common food items, such as butter or chocolate.
(+)-Bornyl-diphosphate is practically insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It exhibits a low viscosity, making it less viscous than substances like honey or syrup. Compared to common food items, it has poor solubility in water and lower viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
(+)-Bornyl-diphosphate is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes, specifically isoprenoids found in plants. It is produced through the condensation of geranyl pyrophosphate, a key precursor in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, with an activated molecule of isopentenyl pyrophosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthase, an enzyme crucial for the formation of the bornane skeleton.
To procure and transport (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate, one must typically extract it from plant sources that naturally produce this compound. Plants such as conifers and other aromatic species are known to contain (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate in their essential oils. Extraction methods often involve steam distillation or solvent extraction to obtain the desired compound. Once extracted, (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate can be purified and transported in a stable form for further research or commercial use.
In the industrial setting, (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate may also be synthesized through organic chemistry methods to ensure a more reliable supply for research and production purposes. Chemical synthesis involves the careful manipulation of precursor molecules to form the desired compound in a controlled environment. This method of production allows for a more consistent supply of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate compared to relying solely on natural sources.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
The safety considerations for (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate are crucial due to its potential hazards. This compound should be handled with care to prevent any adverse effects on human health or the environment. Proper personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats, should be worn when working with (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate to minimize exposure. In addition, proper ventilation should be ensured to prevent inhalation of vapors or dust particles. It is important to store this compound in a secure, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials to prevent accidents or reactions. Regular training on the safe handling and storage of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate should be provided to individuals working with this compound to reduce the risk of accidents or incidents.
The hazard statements for (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate include the following: “Causes skin irritation,” “May cause respiratory irritation,” and “May cause eye irritation.” It is important to be aware of these potential hazards when working with this compound to take necessary precautions and prevent any adverse effects. Users should be cautious and follow proper safety protocols to minimize the risk of exposure and protect themselves from any harmful effects. Hazard statements are essential for raising awareness about potential dangers associated with (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate and should be taken seriously to ensure the safety of individuals handling this compound.
Precautionary statements for (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate include the following: “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection,” “IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing,” and “IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.” These precautionary statements are crucial in guiding individuals on the necessary precautions to take when working with (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate to reduce the risk of exposure and prevent any adverse effects. By following these precautionary statements and implementing proper safety measures, individuals can protect themselves and others from potential hazards associated with this compound.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate include investigating its role in the biosynthesis of various terpenoid compounds, exploring its enzymatic properties and substrate specificity, and elucidating its potential applications in drug discovery and natural product synthesis. Further studies could also focus on understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control the biosynthesis of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate, as well as identifying potential genes and enzymes involved in its biosynthetic pathway.
Additionally, research efforts could be directed towards optimizing the production of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate through metabolic engineering approaches, exploring its biotechnological potential in the production of high-value terpenoids, and evaluating its potential as a precursor for the synthesis of novel bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical or agricultural applications. Investigation into the chemical reactivity of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate and its derivatives could also provide insights into the mechanisms governing terpene biosynthesis and metabolism in plants and microorganisms.
Moreover, interdisciplinary studies that combine techniques from biochemistry, molecular biology, enzymology, structural biology, and synthetic chemistry could shed light on the biosynthesis and function of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate in biological systems. By elucidating the biosynthetic pathways involving (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate and its downstream products, researchers may uncover novel strategies for metabolic engineering and biocatalysis, leading to the development of sustainable methods for the production of valuable compounds with potential industrial and therapeutic applications.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate based upon molecular structure is (+)-Camphor, which also contains a bicyclic system with a bridgehead carbon and multiple stereocenters. The structure of (+)-Camphor consists of a fused ring system with a ketone functional group, similar to the bicyclic structure of (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure to (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate is (+)-Pinene, which also contains a bicyclic system with a bridgehead carbon and multiple stereocenters. (+)-Pinene is a monoterpene hydrocarbon with a bicyclic structure, similar to the basic skeleton of Bornyl-diphosphate.
Additionally, another compound with a molecular structure similar to (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate is (+)-Isopulegol, which contains a bicyclic system with a bridgehead carbon and multiple stereocenters. The structure of (+)-Isopulegol consists of a bicyclic system with an alcohol functional group, akin to the arrangement in (+)-Bornyl-diphosphate.
