4-Chlorobutanoic acid, also known as 4-chlorobutyric acid, is a chemical compound that holds significance in various industries and applications in everyday life. One of its primary uses is in the pharmaceutical industry, where it serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. Additionally, 4-chlorobutanoic acid is utilized in the production of flavors and fragrances, as well as in the manufacturing of pesticides and herbicides. Its versatile applications make it a valuable component in a range of consumer products, thereby underscoring its relevance in everyday life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
4-Chlorobutanoic acid, also known as γ-Chlorobutyric acid, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a building block in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fragrance compounds. Its carboxylic acid functional group allows for easy derivatization, making it a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis.
In addition to its industrial applications, 4-Chlorobutanoic acid also has potential medicinal uses. It has been studied for its potential as an antiepileptic drug due to its structural similarity to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter involved in the inhibition of neuronal activity. Research has shown that this compound can modulate GABA receptors, potentially leading to new therapeutic avenues for epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
Overall, 4-Chlorobutanoic acid plays a vital role in both the commercial and pharmaceutical sectors. Its versatility in chemical synthesis, coupled with its potential pharmacological properties, make it a valuable compound in various industries. Further research and development of this compound may lead to new drug discoveries and industrial applications in the future.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4-Chlorobutanoic acid is a white crystalline solid with a pungent odor. It is classified as a carboxylic acid due to its functional group, and it is often used in organic synthesis processes.
The molar mass of 4-Chlorobutanoic acid is approximately 136.57 g/mol, with a density of around 1.38 g/cm³. Compared to common food items like sugar or salt, which have lower molar masses and densities, 4-Chlorobutanoic acid is relatively heavier and denser.
The melting point of 4-Chlorobutanoic acid is around 109-111°C, while the boiling point is approximately 242-243°C. These values are higher than those of many common food items, such as butter or chocolate, which have lower melting and boiling points.
4-Chlorobutanoic acid is sparingly soluble in water, forming a clear solution. It has a relatively low viscosity compared to substances like honey or molasses. In comparison to common food items, the solubility and viscosity of 4-Chlorobutanoic acid are more similar to vinegar or lemon juice.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4-Chlorobutanoic acid, also known as butyric acid, is typically produced through the chlorination of butyric acid or by reacting sodium chloroacetate with acetic anhydride. These processes result in the formation of 4-Chlorobutanoic acid, a colorless liquid with a pungent, rancid odor.
In terms of procurement, 4-Chlorobutanoic acid can be obtained from chemical suppliers or manufacturers who specialize in the production of organic acids. It is commonly transported in sealed containers to prevent leakage or contamination during transit. Due to its corrosive nature, proper handling and storage procedures must be followed to ensure safety.
When procured in bulk quantities, 4-Chlorobutanoic acid is typically shipped in drums or tank containers, accompanied by relevant safety data sheets and handling instructions. The transportation of this chemical compound must comply with established regulations and guidelines to mitigate any potential risks associated with its handling. Overall, the production and procurement of 4-Chlorobutanoic acid involve specialized chemical processes and adherence to safety protocols throughout its supply chain.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4-Chlorobutanoic acid include its potential irritant properties when in contact with skin, eyes, or respiratory system. Ingestion or inhalation of this compound can lead to irritation, burns, or other adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to handle 4-Chlorobutanoic acid with caution, wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and goggles, and work in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to the compound.
Hazard statements for 4-Chlorobutanoic acid include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye irritation,” and “Harmful if swallowed.” These statements highlight the potential risks associated with exposure to this compound and emphasize the importance of taking adequate safety precautions when working with it.
Precautionary statements for 4-Chlorobutanoic acid include “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection,” “IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water,” and “IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.” These statements provide guidance on how to handle 4-Chlorobutanoic acid safely, what to do in case of exposure, and how to prevent accidents or injuries while working with the compound.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 4-Chlorobutanoic acid is the study of its pharmacological properties, as it has shown to have potential use as an anti-inflammatory agent in certain studies. Further investigation into its mechanism of action and therapeutic potential could provide insights into its efficacy and safety for clinical use.
Another promising research avenue for 4-Chlorobutanoic acid is its role in organic synthesis, particularly in the creation of various pharmaceutical compounds. Its unique chemical structure and reactivity make it a valuable building block for the synthesis of complex molecules, which could be of interest to medicinal chemists and drug developers.
Additionally, exploring the environmental fate and potential toxicity of 4-Chlorobutanoic acid could be a crucial area of research. Understanding its persistence and effects on ecosystems can help inform regulatory decisions and risk assessments regarding its use and disposal, contributing to environmental protection and human health.
Lastly, investigating the potential applications of 4-Chlorobutanoic acid in other industries, such as agriculture or materials science, could lead to the development of new products and processes. Its chemical properties and versatility make it a versatile compound with various potential industrial uses worth exploring further.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4-Chlorobutanoic acid is 4-Fluorobutanoic acid. This compound has a similar molecular structure to 4-Chlorobutanoic acid, with a fluorine atom in place of the chlorine atom. Both compounds belong to the carboxylic acid family and share similar chemical properties due to the presence of the carboxyl group.
Another compound similar to 4-Chlorobutanoic acid is 4-Bromobutanoic acid. This compound also has a comparable molecular structure to 4-Chlorobutanoic acid, with a bromine atom replacing the chlorine atom. Like 4-Chlorobutanoic acid, 4-Bromobutanoic acid is a carboxylic acid and exhibits similar chemical reactivity and properties due to the presence of the carboxyl group in its structure.
Additionally, 4-Iodobutanoic acid is a compound akin to 4-Chlorobutanoic acid. With an iodine atom in place of the chlorine atom, 4-Iodobutanoic acid shares similar structural characteristics with 4-Chlorobutanoic acid. These compounds both belong to the carboxylic acid family and display analogous chemical behavior and properties arising from the presence of the carboxyl group in their structures.
