Isonicotinic acid, also known as isonicotinic acid, is a chemical compound that is primarily used in the production of the drug isoniazid, which is a key component in the treatment of tuberculosis. Isoniazid is considered one of the most effective drugs for this infectious disease and is often used as part of standard tuberculosis treatment regimens. Its relevance in everyday life lies in its crucial role in combating a serious and potentially life-threatening illness that affects millions of people worldwide.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
Isonicotinic acid, also known as pyridine-4-carboxylic acid, has a number of commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a precursor in the production of various pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes. Its ability to form complexes with metals makes it useful in the manufacturing of catalysts and coordination compounds.
In the pharmaceutical industry, isonicotinic acid is a key ingredient in the production of anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid. This compound is also used in the synthesis of other pharmaceuticals, including those used to treat Alzheimer’s disease and HIV. Its ability to act as a chelating agent makes it valuable in the formulation of certain medications.
Isonicotinic acid’s role in drug and medication applications extends beyond just its use as a precursor. It has been found to possess therapeutic properties itself, with potential applications in the treatment of various neurological disorders. Studies have shown that isonicotinic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a promising candidate for future drug development efforts.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
Isonicotinic acid appears as a white crystalline solid with a mild odor when in its pure form. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as a precursor in the synthesis of various drugs due to its unique chemical properties.
The molar mass of Isonicotinic acid is approximately 123.11 g/mol, and its density is around 1.45 g/cm³. This places it in the range of typical organic compounds, falling between the molar mass of glucose (180.16 g/mol) and the density of ethanol (0.789 g/cm³).
Isonicotinic acid has a melting point of around 138-140°C and a boiling point of approximately 300°C. These values are higher than those of common household items such as sugar (melting point of 186°C) and water (boiling point of 100°C), making it suitable for use in various industrial processes.
Isonicotinic acid is soluble in water to some extent, often forming a clear solution. It has a relatively low viscosity compared to substances like honey or syrup, making it easier to handle in laboratory settings. This sets it apart from many common household items which may exhibit higher viscosity and lower solubility in water.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Isonicotinic acid, also known as isoniazid, is primarily produced through the chemical synthesis of isonicotinoyl hydrazine. This compound undergoes hydrolysis to yield Isonicotinic acid, which is then further purified through crystallization. The production process involves precise control of reaction conditions to ensure high purity and yield.
Isonicotinic acid can be procured commercially from chemical suppliers in various forms, such as powders or crystals. It is typically transported in sealed containers or bags to prevent contamination or degradation during transit. Careful handling is required to maintain the integrity of the substance and ensure its quality upon arrival.
The procurement and transportation of Isonicotinic acid must adhere to strict regulations and guidelines to ensure safety and compliance with legal requirements. Specialized equipment may be necessary for handling and storage to prevent accidents or spills. Proper documentation and labeling are essential to trace the origin and destination of the substance throughout the supply chain.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for Isonicotinic acid include its potential to cause skin irritation, eye irritation, and respiratory irritation. It is important to handle this compound with care and use appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat when working with it. In case of accidental exposure, it is recommended to rinse the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical attention if necessary.
Isonicotinic acid, also known as pyridine-4-carboxylic acid, is a compound commonly used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. It has antimicrobial properties and is used in the production of anti-tuberculosis drugs. When ingested or inhaled, Isonicotinic acid is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. Its pharmacological effects include anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties.
Hazard statements for Isonicotinic acid include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye irritation,” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” It is important to handle this compound with caution and avoid direct skin contact or inhalation of its vapors. To minimize the risk of exposure, it is recommended to work with Isonicotinic acid in a well-ventilated area and wear appropriate protective equipment.
Precautionary statements for Isonicotinic acid include “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection,” “IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water,” and “IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.” It is important to follow good laboratory practices when working with Isonicotinic acid and to store it in a secure location away from incompatible materials. In case of a spill or leak, it is important to clean it up promptly and dispose of any contaminated materials properly.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for Isonicotinic acid is its potential use in the development of novel pharmaceuticals, due to its structural similarity to Nicotinic acid, a compound with known health benefits. Research could focus on synthesizing derivatives of Isonicotinic acid and investigating their biological activities.
Another possible research direction is exploring the role of Isonicotinic acid in organic synthesis, particularly in the preparation of complex molecules. Investigating the reactivity of Isonicotinic acid towards various reagents could lead to the development of new synthetic methods and strategies.
Furthermore, studying the physicochemical properties of Isonicotinic acid, such as its solubility, stability, and acidity, could shed light on its potential applications in other fields such as materials science or environmental chemistry. Understanding how Isonicotinic acid interacts with other compounds could reveal new uses for this versatile building block.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to Isonicotinic acid is Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin. Nicotinic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and is essential for various physiological functions. Structurally, Nicotinic acid is similar to Isonicotinic acid, with a pyridine ring and a carboxylic acid group.
Another related compound is Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that is important for cellular metabolism and DNA repair. Structurally, Nicotinamide is derived from Nicotinic acid and shares similarities with Isonicotinic acid in terms of their functional groups and overall chemical composition.
Pyridine is another compound similar to Isonicotinic acid in terms of molecular structure. Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic compound that consists of a six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Like Isonicotinic acid, pyridine is used in various industrial applications and as a building block in organic synthesis.
