Sodium ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate is a compound that may not be widely recognized by the general public, but its relevance lies in its application in various industries and medical fields. This compound, also known as thimerosal, is commonly used as a preservative in vaccines and other medications to prevent bacterial contamination and prolong shelf life. While thimerosal has been the subject of debate regarding its safety and potential link to adverse health effects, it remains an important component in the manufacturing of vaccines, particularly in developing countries where access to refrigeration and sterile environments is limited. Overall, the use of sodium ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate highlights the delicate balance between the benefits of preserving product integrity and ensuring consumer safety.
Table of Contents:
Commercial Applications
Chemical & Physical Properties
Production & Procurement
Safety Considerations
Potential Research Directions
Related Compounds
Commercial Applications
Sodium ethylmercury(1+)-2-sulfidobenzoate, commonly known as thimerosal, has a variety of commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a preservative in vaccines and other pharmaceutical products to prevent microbial growth and contamination. Thimerosal is also used in cosmetics, contact lens solutions, and other health care products for its antiseptic properties.
In terms of drug and medication applications, thimerosal is used as a preservative in multidose vials of vaccines to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination. It is also used in topical antiseptic solutions, nasal sprays, and eyewash solutions to prevent microbial growth. Thimerosal has been used in some vaccines as a preservative, although its use in vaccines has decreased due to concerns about its potential neurotoxicity.
In industrial applications, thimerosal is used as a fungicide in paints, wood preservatives, and adhesives. It is also used in scientific research as a preservative for laboratory samples. Thimerosal’s ability to inhibit microbial growth makes it a versatile ingredient in various industrial and commercial products.
Chemical & Physical Properties
Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate is a white, odorless crystalline compound with a molecular formula of C9H9NaO3S and a molar mass of 224.23 g/mol. Its density is approximately 1.33 g/cm3. When compared to common household items, this compound has a higher molar mass and density than water, but lower than most metals found in household items.
This compound has a melting point of around 180-185°C and a boiling point of approximately 320°C. In comparison to common household items, this compound has a higher melting point than ice and a lower boiling point than boiling water. Overall, it falls within the range of typical melting and boiling points for organic compounds.
Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate is soluble in water and has a moderate viscosity. In comparison to common household items, it is more soluble in water than oils and fats, but less soluble than table salt. Its viscosity falls within the range of fluid substances like milk or juice.
Production & Procurement
Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate is produced through a chemical synthesis process involving the reaction of ethylmercury chloride and sodium 2-sulfidobenzoate. The compound is formed as a result of the substitution of the chloride ion in ethylmercury chloride with the 2-sulfidobenzoate ion.
To procure Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate, one must obtain the necessary raw materials of ethylmercury chloride and sodium 2-sulfidobenzoate from chemical suppliers. These materials are then mixed in the appropriate proportions and subjected to the synthesis process in a controlled laboratory setting.
Once Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate is produced, it can be transported in sealed, labeled containers to prevent contamination and ensure safety during handling. Proper documentation and labeling are essential for the transport of hazardous chemical compounds like Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate to comply with regulatory requirements.
Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate must be taken seriously due to its potential hazardous nature. The substance should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials. Personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat, should be worn when handling Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate to minimize exposure. In case of ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, seek immediate medical attention and provide the medical personnel with the Safety Data Sheet for proper treatment.
The pharmacology of Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate involves its ability to inhibit certain enzymes and disrupt cellular functions. This can lead to toxic effects on various organs and systems within the body. Exposure to this compound can result in adverse health effects, including neurological damage, kidney dysfunction, and respiratory issues. Due to its toxic nature, Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate should be handled with extreme caution and proper safety measures in place.
Hazard statements for Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate include “Harmful if swallowed,” “Causes skin irritation,” and “Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.” The substance is classified as a dangerous chemical that can cause harm to human health and the environment if not handled properly. It is important to follow strict safety protocols, such as using appropriate personal protective equipment and disposing of the compound according to regulations, to prevent accidents and minimize risks associated with Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate.
Precautionary statements for Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate include “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray,” “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection,” and “Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.” These statements serve as guidelines for safe handling, storage, and disposal of Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate to minimize the risk of exposure and environmental contamination. Proper precautionary measures should be taken to protect individuals and the surrounding ecosystem from the potential hazards posed by this compound.
Potential Research Directions
Research on Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate may explore its chemical properties, such as its solubility, stability, and reactivity with other substances. Investigations into its potential applications in medicine, industry, or environmental remediation could provide insights into its practical uses.
Studying the toxicological effects of Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate on living organisms could help in understanding its potential health risks and environmental impact. Research in this area could lead to the development of safety guidelines and regulations for handling and disposal of this compound.
Exploring the synthesis and purification methods of Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate could contribute to improving its production efficiency and reducing costs. Investigations into alternative synthesis routes or environmentally friendly purification techniques may lead to more sustainable and cost-effective ways of obtaining this compound.
Related Compounds
One similar compound to Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate based upon molecular structure is Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-carboxybenzoate. In this compound, the sulfur atom in the sulfidobenzoate moiety is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. This substitution results in a slightly different chemical behavior compared to the original compound.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure is Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-thiophenecarboxylate. In this compound, the benzene ring in the sulfidobenzoate moiety is replaced by a thiophene ring. This substitution gives the compound different physical and chemical properties due to the presence of the sulfur atom in the ring structure.
Similarly, Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-aminobenzoate is another compound related to Sodium;ethylmercury(1+);2-sulfidobenzoate based on molecular structure. In this compound, the sulfur atom is replaced by an amino group, changing the compound’s interactions with other molecules. This substitution can result in altered biological activity and toxicity compared to the original compound.
