4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether, also known as DPE, is a compound that has various practical applications in everyday life. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of polymers, adhesives, and coatings due to its ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of these materials. Additionally, DPE is utilized in the production of certain types of high-performance plastics and fibers, contributing to advancements in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electronics. Overall, the relevance of 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether to everyday life lies in its role in enhancing the performance and durability of various consumer products and industrial applications.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
The compound 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether, also known as DAPE, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a curing agent in epoxy resins, which are widely utilized in the manufacturing of coatings, adhesives, and composites. DAPE is prized for its ability to enhance the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of these materials, making them suitable for a range of industrial applications.
In addition to its commercial and industrial uses, 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether also has potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Research studies have shown that DAPE exhibits antimicrobial properties, making it a promising candidate for the development of new antibiotics. Furthermore, its ability to inhibit the growth of certain cancer cells has sparked interest in exploring its potential as an anti-cancer agent. These drug and medication applications highlight the versatility and potential of DAPE beyond its traditional industrial uses.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether, also known as Bis(4-aminophenyl) Ether, is a white to slightly yellow solid with no distinctive odor. This compound is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.
With a molar mass of 198.23 g/mol and a density of 1.16 g/cm³, 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether is heavier than common food items like apples (molar mass of around 44 g/mol) and water (density of 1 g/cm³). This compound has a higher molecular weight and density compared to these common food items.
The melting point of 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether is approximately 132-135°C, while its boiling point is around 355-360°C. These values are significantly higher than the melting point of chocolate (around 34°C) and the boiling point of water (100°C). Therefore, this compound has a much higher melting point and boiling point than common food items.
4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether is not soluble in water but exhibits moderate viscosity in organic solvents. In comparison to common food items like sugar and salt, which are highly soluble in water, this compound has poor solubility in water. Additionally, its viscosity is higher than that of most food items, making it less easy to dissolve in liquids.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether, commonly known as DAPD, is produced through a multi-step chemical synthesis process. The process typically involves the reaction of nitrobenzene with aniline in the presence of a reducing agent such as iron powder. This reaction leads to the formation of 4,4′-dinitrodiphenyl ether, which is then hydrogenated to yield the final product, DAPD.
In terms of procurement and transportation, 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether is commercially available from various chemical suppliers and manufacturers. It can be procured in different grades, depending on the intended use and purity requirements. The compound is typically transported in sealed containers or drums to prevent contamination or degradation during transit.
Due to its potential health hazards and toxicity, proper handling and storage procedures should be followed when procuring and transporting 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether. It is important to adhere to all safety guidelines and regulations outlined by local authorities and regulatory bodies. Additionally, measures should be taken to prevent exposure and accidental release of the compound into the environment.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether, also known as oxydianiline, should be taken seriously due to its potential hazards. This compound is a skin and respiratory irritant and can cause severe eye damage. It may also be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Therefore, proper personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat, should be worn when handling this substance.
In addition to physical hazards, 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether poses a potential risk to the environment. It is toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects and should not be released into the environment. Proper disposal methods should be followed to prevent contamination of water sources and harm to aquatic organisms. It is essential to handle and store this compound with care to minimize its impact on the environment.
Hazard statements for 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye damage,” and “Harmful if swallowed.” These statements indicate the potential health risks associated with exposure to this compound. It is important to be aware of these hazards and take necessary precautions to prevent harmful effects on individuals who come into contact with 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether.
Precautionary statements for 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether include “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection,” “IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing,” and “Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.” These statements outline specific actions that should be taken to minimize the risks associated with handling this compound. It is crucial to follow these precautionary measures to ensure the safety of individuals working with 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether is its application in the field of polymer chemistry. This compound has shown promise as a building block for the synthesis of high-performance polymers with desirable thermal and mechanical properties.
Another avenue of research could focus on the use of 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether in the development of novel materials for electronic devices. Its ability to form stable and conductive films makes it a promising candidate for applications in organic electronics, such as organic light-emitting diodes and field-effect transistors.
Furthermore, 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether has been investigated for its potential antimicrobial properties. Studies have shown that this compound exhibits antibacterial activity against a range of pathogens, suggesting its possible use in the development of new antibiotics or antimicrobial coatings.
Lastly, research into the environmental fate and toxicity of 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether could provide valuable insights into its impact on human health and the environment. Understanding the behavior of this compound in different environments can help inform risk assessments and regulatory decisions regarding its use in various industrial processes.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether is 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfide. This compound has a similar molecular structure to 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether, with the difference being the substitution of oxygen with sulfur. This substitution can result in different chemical and physical properties compared to the ether compound.
Another similar compound is 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Methane. Like 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether, this compound contains two amino groups and a benzene ring. However, in this compound, the oxygen atom is replaced by a methane group. This substitution can lead to variations in reactivity and solubility compared to the ether compound.
Additionally, 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone is another compound with similarities to 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Ether. In this compound, the oxygen atom in the ether is replaced by a sulfone group. This substitution can result in different chemical properties and applications compared to the ether compound. It is important to consider these variations when working with similar compounds in various chemical reactions and processes.
