4,4′-Dihyrdroxybiphenyl is a compound that holds significant relevance to everyday life due to its applications in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, plastics, and electronics. This chemical compound is commonly used in the production of drugs, as a component in the manufacture of plastics, and as a precursor for the synthesis of various materials used in electronics. Its versatility and widespread use make it an essential component in modern society, impacting individuals’ lives through its presence in everyday products and technologies.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl, also known as DHB, is commonly used in commercial and industrial applications such as the production of UV stabilizers, antioxidants, and polymers. Its ability to inhibit oxidation reactions makes it a valuable component in these manufacturing processes. The compound is also utilized as a building block for the synthesis of various specialty chemicals.
In drug and medication applications, 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl has demonstrated potential as a pharmaceutical intermediate. It shows promise in the development of novel drugs targeting specific biological pathways. Research is ongoing to explore its therapeutic properties and potential use in the treatment of various medical conditions. Further studies are needed to fully understand its pharmacological effects and safety profile.
In addition to its commercial and industrial uses, 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl has garnered attention in the field of biotechnology. Its unique chemical properties make it a versatile compound for the design and synthesis of biomolecules. Researchers are exploring its potential applications in drug delivery systems, diagnostics, and other biotechnological advancements. The compound’s ability to interact with biological molecules opens up new avenues for innovation and discovery in the life sciences.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl, also known as hydroquinone, is a white crystalline solid with a slight odor. It appears as fine particles or flakes and has a faint chemical smell.
The molar mass of 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl is approximately 110.11 g/mol, and its density is around 1.345 g/cm3. Compared to common food items, such as sugar with a molar mass of 342.3 g/mol and a density of 1.59 g/cm3, 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl has a lower molar mass and density.
4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl has a melting point of about 172-175°C and a boiling point of approximately 287-289°C. In comparison, common food items like butter have a melting point of around 32-35°C and a boiling point of approximately 150-200°C, making 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl significantly higher in both melting and boiling points.
4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone. It has a low viscosity, similar to water. Compared to common food items like sugar, which is highly soluble in water and has higher viscosity, 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl demonstrates lower solubility in water and viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl, also known as 4,4′-Biphenol, is primarily produced through the oxidation of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethane with an oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate. This production method typically yields a high purity product suitable for various applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, plastics, and electronics.
Procurement of 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl can be achieved through various chemical suppliers and manufacturers. The compound is often available in both bulk quantities and smaller quantities for research purposes. It can be purchased in solid form or as a solution in solvents such as ethanol or methanol.
Transportation of 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl typically occurs in sealed containers to prevent contamination and degradation of the compound during transit. Proper labeling and handling are essential to ensure safe transportation of this chemical. Companies that specialize in chemical logistics and transportation can assist in the safe and secure delivery of 4,4′-Biphenol to its destination.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl involve potential hazards associated with its handling and exposure. This compound is classified as harmful if swallowed, causing irritation to the respiratory tract, skin, and eyes upon contact. It is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, when working with 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl to prevent any potential health risks.
The hazard statements for 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl include “Harmful if swallowed” and “Causes skin and eye irritation.” These statements indicate the potential risks associated with exposure to this compound. It is essential to handle 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl with caution and follow recommended safety protocols to minimize the likelihood of adverse effects on health.
Precautionary statements for 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl include “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray” and “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.” These statements emphasize the importance of taking necessary precautions to prevent exposure to this compound. Proper ventilation and personal protective equipment should be utilized to ensure the safety of individuals working with 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research in the field of 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl has the potential to explore its role as a precursor for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. This compound is known for its antioxidant properties and could be studied for its potential application in treating oxidative stress-related diseases.
Furthermore, investigations may delve into the environmental implications of 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl, as it is a breakdown product of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Understanding its fate and transport in the environment could provide valuable insights into the remediation of contaminated sites.
Moreover, studies may focus on elucidating the pathways for the degradation of 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl by microorganisms. This research could lead to the development of bioremediation strategies for the remediation of PCB-contaminated environments, ultimately contributing to environmental sustainability and public health.
Overall, the potential research directions for 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl are vast, spanning from pharmaceutical applications to environmental remediation strategies. Further exploration of this compound could lead to significant advancements in both human health and environmental science.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl is 4,4′-Diaminobiphenyl. This compound also contains a biphenyl structure, but instead of hydroxyl groups, it has amino groups at the 4th position of each phenyl ring. This compound is commonly used in the synthesis of various organic compounds and pharmaceuticals due to its reactivity.
Another similar compound to 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl is 4-Hydroxybiphenyl. In this compound, only one of the phenyl rings contains a hydroxyl group at the 4th position. This compound is used in the production of polymers, antioxidants, and pharmaceutical intermediates, showcasing its versatility in various industries.
A structurally similar compound to 4,4′-Dihydroxybiphenyl is 2,2′-Dihydroxybiphenyl. In this compound, the hydroxyl groups are located at the 2nd position of each phenyl ring instead of the 4th position. This compound is also employed in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical research due to its potential as a building block for more complex molecules.
