4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate, a compound commonly known as diphenylhydantoin or phenytoin, holds significant relevance to everyday life due to its pharmaceutical properties. This molecule is widely used as an antiepileptic medication, helping to control and prevent seizures in patients suffering from epilepsy. By stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, diphenylhydantoin allows individuals to lead more normal and functional lives, thus highlighting its importance in the realm of healthcare and quality of life improvement.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
The compound 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate, also known as diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), has various commercial and industrial applications. DPI is commonly used as a potent inhibitor of flavoproteins, which makes it valuable in studying cellular and mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, DPI is utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals, as well as in biochemical research for studying oxidation-reduction reactions. Its ability to inhibit enzymes involved in respiratory chain reactions also makes it a crucial component in the development of pesticides and herbicides.
In terms of drug and medication applications, DPI has shown promise in the treatment of various diseases. DPI has exhibited antioxidant properties, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic interventions in conditions characterized by oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, DPI has been explored for its anti-inflammatory effects, with studies suggesting its potential use in mitigating inflammatory responses in conditions like arthritis and asthma. The compound’s ability to modulate reactive oxygen species production has prompted investigations into its potential use in cancer therapy, as well as in cardiovascular diseases.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate appears as a white crystalline solid with no discernible odor.
The molar mass of 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate is 309.34 g/mol, and it has a density of approximately 1.3 g/cm3. This compound has a higher molar mass and density compared to common food items such as sugar and salt.
The melting point of 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate is around 160-165°C, while its boiling point is approximately 370-380°C. These values are significantly higher than those of common food items like butter and chocolate.
4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate is sparingly soluble in water, and it exhibits a low viscosity. This compound has a lower solubility in water and lower viscosity compared to common food items such as sugar and salt.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Production of 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate involves the synthesis of the imidazole ring structure through a series of chemical reactions. This may include condensation reactions between appropriate starting materials, followed by oxidation steps to introduce the oxo group. The final product is then isolated and purified through techniques such as column chromatography.
Procurement of 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate can be achieved through chemical suppliers or custom synthesis services. The compound is typically provided in solid form and may be packaged in appropriate containers for transportation. Due to its stability, 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate can be safely transported by air, road, or sea freight, following standard regulations for handling and labeling hazardous chemicals.
Upon procurement, 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture to prevent degradation. Proper labeling and documentation of the compound should be maintained to ensure traceability and compliance with safety regulations. Transportation of 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate should be carried out by trained personnel using appropriate safety measures to prevent accidents or exposure to the compound.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate should be taken seriously due to its potential hazards. This compound may cause skin irritation upon contact, so it is important to wear appropriate protective clothing when handling it. In addition, inhalation of its vapors may cause respiratory irritation, so proper ventilation is necessary to prevent exposure.
Furthermore, 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate may be harmful if swallowed, so it is crucial to avoid ingestion and to wash hands thoroughly after handling the compound. In case of accidental exposure, it is recommended to seek medical attention immediately and provide the relevant details of the substance to healthcare professionals for appropriate treatment.
The hazard statements for 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate indicate potential risks associated with the compound. These statements include “Causes skin irritation” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” It is important to heed these warnings and take necessary precautions to minimize the risks of exposure to this substance.
Precautionary statements for 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate provide guidance on safe handling practices. These statements recommend wearing protective gloves, clothing, eye protection, and face protection to prevent skin and eye exposure. They also advise avoiding breathing in vapors or mists, and ensuring adequate ventilation in work areas to reduce the risk of respiratory irritation. Proper storage and disposal methods are also emphasized to prevent environmental contamination and harm to human health.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research into 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate could potentially focus on its structural properties and reactivity in various chemical environments. Understanding the compound’s molecular behavior and interactions could provide insights into its potential applications in drug development or materials science.
Studies may also investigate the synthesis and purification methods of 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate to improve its yield and purity for further experimentation. Developing efficient synthetic routes could enable larger-scale production of the compound for research and commercial purposes.
Further research directions could involve exploring the biological activity of 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate, such as its potential therapeutic effects or toxicity profile. Understanding how the compound interacts with biological systems could unlock new possibilities for drug discovery and biomedical applications.
Additionally, investigations into the catalytic properties of 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate could lead to the development of novel catalytic processes or methodologies for organic synthesis. Exploring the compound’s potential as a catalyst could open up new avenues for sustainable and efficient chemical transformations.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-olate is 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine. This compound differs from the original in that the oxygen atom in the imidazol-2-olate group is replaced by a nitrogen atom, resulting in an amine functional group instead of a carboxylate.
Another similar compound is 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl acetate. In this compound, the carboxylate group is replaced with an acetate group, which is an ester functional group. This substitution alters the chemical properties of the compound, affecting its reactivity and solubility.
Furthermore, a related compound is 4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl sulfide. In this compound, the oxygen atom in the imidazol-2-olate group is replaced by a sulfur atom, resulting in a sulfide functional group. This alteration can have significant effects on the compound’s biological activity and interaction with other molecules.
