3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine, also known as L-DOPA, is a naturally occurring amino acid that serves as a precursor to dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating mood, motivation, and movement. Therefore, L-DOPA is widely used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a lack of dopamine production. By replenishing dopamine levels in the brain, L-DOPA helps to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, allowing patients to maintain a higher quality of life and continue daily activities.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine, also known as metirosine, has a few commercial and industrial applications. This compound is primarily used in the production of pharmaceuticals due to its ability to inhibit the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. Additionally, it is used in research laboratories for studying the regulation of catecholamine synthesis.
In terms of drug and medication applications, metirosine is primarily used as a medication to treat certain types of pheochromocytoma, a type of tumor that can cause high blood pressure. It works by limiting the production of neurotransmitters that regulate blood pressure, ultimately helping to decrease blood pressure levels in affected individuals. This medication can also be used in the treatment of neuroblastoma, a rare type of cancer that occurs in young children.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine is a white crystalline solid with no distinct odor. Its appearance is similar to that of common table salt or sugar.
With a molar mass of approximately 225.25 g/mol and a density of around 1.3 g/cm³, 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine is comparable to common food items such as sugar or flour in terms of molar mass and density.
The melting point of 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine is around 200 degrees Celsius, while the boiling point is approximately 350 degrees Celsius. These values are higher than those of common food items like butter or chocolate.
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine is slightly soluble in water and has a low viscosity. In comparison to common food items, its solubility in water is similar to that of salt, while its viscosity is lower than that of honey or syrup.
🏭 Production & Procurement
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine, also known as L-DOPA, is typically produced through a multistep synthesis process in a laboratory setting. The first step involves the oxidation of tyrosine to form L-DOPA, followed by a cyclization process to produce the final compound. This chemical synthesis method allows for the controlled production of large quantities of 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine for various research and pharmaceutical purposes.
Procurement of 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine can be conducted through reputable chemical suppliers who specialize in providing high-quality research chemicals. Once procured, the compound is typically transported in sealed containers to prevent contamination or degradation during transit. Due to the sensitive nature of the compound, proper handling and storage protocols must be followed to maintain its integrity and effectiveness for experimental or therapeutic applications.
Transportation of 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine is typically conducted via trusted courier services that specialize in the safe and secure delivery of hazardous chemicals. Specialized packaging and labeling requirements are often necessary to comply with regulations and ensure the compound reaches its destination without incident. Proper documentation and tracking procedures are essential to monitor the movement of 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine from supplier to end-user, maintaining transparency and accountability throughout the procurement process.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine should be taken seriously due to its potential hazards. This compound may cause skin irritation and eye irritation upon contact. It is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling this substance. In addition, proper ventilation should be ensured to prevent inhalation of vapors or dust particles.
In summary, the hazard statements for 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine include causing skin irritation and serious eye irritation. This compound may also be harmful if swallowed or inhaled. It is advised to avoid direct contact with the skin, eyes, and clothing, and to wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Precautionary statements for 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine include storing the compound in a well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials. It is important to keep this substance tightly sealed in its original container and to protect it from moisture. When working with this compound, it is recommended to use appropriate protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. In case of accidental exposure, seek medical advice immediately and bring the Safety Data Sheet for reference.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine is its impact on neurotransmitter pathways in the brain. Studies could aim to elucidate how this compound affects the synthesis and release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
Another area of interest could be investigating the potential therapeutic applications of 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine in treating conditions such as mood disorders or cognitive impairments. Research could focus on its ability to modulate neurotransmitter levels and thereby improve symptoms associated with these disorders.
Furthermore, exploring the metabolic pathways of 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine in the body could provide valuable insights into its bioavailability and potential side effects. Studying its pharmacokinetics and interactions with other compounds may guide the development of optimized dosing regimens for clinical applications.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine based upon molecular structure is L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). L-DOPA is a precursor to dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, making it a commonly used medication for treating Parkinson’s disease. Like 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine, L-DOPA is a catecholamine that plays a crucial role in neurotransmitter synthesis and function.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure to 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine is alpha-methyltyrosine (AMT). Alpha-methyltyrosine is a tyrosine analog that inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. This compound is often used in research to study the effects of catecholamines on behavior and physiology. AMT’s structural similarity to 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine allows for comparisons in their biochemical activities.
Droxidopa (L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine) is another compound that shares a molecular resemblance to 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine. Droxidopa is a synthetic amino acid analog of phenylalanine that can be converted into norepinephrine in the body. It is used as a medication to treat orthostatic hypotension, a condition characterized by low blood pressure upon standing. Both 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine and droxidopa play roles in the synthesis and regulation of catecholamines in the body.
