(3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, commonly known as 2-Keto-3-methylpentanoic acid, is a key intermediate compound in the biosynthesis of the amino acid leucine. Leucine is an essential amino acid that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, muscle repair, and energy production in the human body. Therefore, (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid indirectly contributes to overall health and wellbeing by supporting these vital physiological processes. Its relevance to everyday life lies in its importance for maintaining proper nutrition and optimal physical function.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
(3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, also known as β-methylmalonic acid, has several commercial and industrial applications. This compound is commonly used in the production of flavors and fragrances in the food and beverage industry. It is also utilized as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.
In addition to its commercial and industrial applications, (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid has also shown potential in the field of drug development and medication. This compound is being investigated for its role in the treatment of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Its ability to modulate neurotransmitter levels in the brain makes it a promising candidate for novel treatment approaches.
Furthermore, (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid has demonstrated antimicrobial properties, suggesting its potential use as an antibacterial agent in pharmaceutical formulations. Research is ongoing to explore its efficacy in combating bacterial infections and developing new antibiotics. The versatility of this compound highlights its importance in a wide range of commercial, industrial, and medical applications.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
(3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid appears as a colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. It is commonly used in flavoring agents and fragrances due to its pleasant scent.
The molar mass of (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is approximately 130.16 g/mol, with a density of approximately 1.01 g/cm³ at room temperature. This molar mass and density are similar to those of common food items such as sugar and salt.
The melting point of (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is around -10°C, while the boiling point is around 157°C. These values are higher than those of common food items such as water and ethanol.
(3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is sparingly soluble in water and has a relatively low viscosity. This solubility and viscosity are comparable to those of other flavoring agents and food additives commonly used in the food industry.
🏭 Production & Procurement
(3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, also known as leucic acid, is typically produced through a series of chemical reactions. One common method involves the oxidation of α-isopropylmalonic acid using potassium permanganate, followed by decarboxylation to yield the desired product. This process results in a high yield of (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid with relatively few byproducts.
Once produced, (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid can be procured through specialized chemical suppliers or pharmaceutical companies. It is often transported in sealed containers to prevent oxidation or contamination during shipment. Care must be taken to store and handle the compound properly to maintain its purity and stability.
In research laboratories or industrial settings, (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is commonly ordered in specific quantities for use in various applications. Its procurement may involve custom synthesis or bulk ordering, depending on the intended use and scale of production. Quality control measures are typically implemented to ensure the purity and integrity of the compound upon delivery.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid should take into account its potential hazards and risks associated with handling and use. It is important to be aware of the chemical’s properties, such as its irritant effects on skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Proper precautions should be taken to prevent contact with the substance, including the use of personal protective equipment like gloves, goggles, and respirators. Additionally, safe handling practices, such as working in a well-ventilated area and avoiding ingestion or inhalation, are essential for minimizing the risk of exposure.
Hazard statements for (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid include the potential for skin and eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of the substance may cause respiratory irritation. Ingestion of the chemical can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and nausea. It is important to avoid direct contact with the skin or eyes, as well as inhalation or ingestion, to prevent adverse health effects. Proper storage and handling practices should be followed to minimize the risk of exposure.
Precautionary statements for (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid include the need to wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye protection when handling the chemical. Avoid breathing in the vapors or mists, and ensure adequate ventilation in the work area. In case of skin contact, wash with soap and water immediately. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists. Store the chemical in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials. It is also important to follow proper disposal methods in accordance with regulations and guidelines.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
(3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, a chiral compound, presents intriguing research opportunities in the field of asymmetric synthesis. The asymmetric synthesis of this compound could be explored for the development of new methodologies in organic chemistry. Researchers may investigate the use of novel catalysts and reaction conditions to achieve high enantioselectivity in the synthesis of this compound.
Furthermore, the biological activity of (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid could be a topic of interest for medicinal chemistry studies. Its potential role as a building block in the synthesis of bioactive molecules could be explored. Researchers may also investigate the pharmacological properties of this compound to determine its potential as a drug candidate for various diseases.
In addition, the environmental impact and sustainability of the synthesis of (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid could be a direction for future research. Sustainable synthetic methods utilizing renewable starting materials and green chemistry principles could be explored. Researchers may aim to develop efficient and environmentally friendly routes to synthesize this compound on a larger scale.
🧪 Related Compounds
One compound similar to (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid based on molecular structure is (3R)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid. These two compounds differ only in the stereochemistry at the third carbon atom, with one being in the S configuration and the other in the R configuration. This minor difference in stereochemistry can have important implications for the biological activity and properties of these compounds.
Another similar compound to (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxohexanoic acid. This compound also contains a 3-methyl-2-oxoalkanoic acid structure but with an additional carbon atom in the alkyl chain. The presence of this extra carbon atom can lead to differences in physical and chemical properties, as well as potential differences in biological activity compared to the original compound.
Similarly, (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is another compound that shares structural similarities with (3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid. Both compounds contain a 3-methyl-2-oxoalkanoic acid structure, but the length of the alkyl chain is different in each compound. This difference in chain length can impact various properties of the compound, such as solubility, volatility, and reactivity, making each compound unique in its own right.
