2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane, also known as DHB, is a compound with antioxidant properties that can be found in a variety of plant-based foods such as garlic and onions. Research has shown that DHB may play a role in reducing oxidative stress in the body, which can help to prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Therefore, incorporating foods rich in DHB into your diet can have potential health benefits and contribute to overall well-being in everyday life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane, also known as dithiolthione, is utilized in various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a crosslinking agent in polymer chemistry, contributing to improved mechanical properties and thermal stability in rubber and plastics manufacturing processes. Additionally, it is employed as a metal chelating agent in the treatment of wastewater to remove heavy metal contaminants.
In the field of drug and medication applications, 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane has shown potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of various diseases. Studies have indicated its antioxidant properties which may be beneficial in combating oxidative stress-related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, its ability to regulate cellular processes and protect against DNA damage makes it a promising candidate for further pharmaceutical development.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane is a white crystalline solid with a slight sulfurous odor. It is commonly used in organic chemistry as a building block for various compounds due to its unique structure and reactivity.
The molar mass of 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane is approximately 182.3 g/mol, and its density is around 1.6 g/cm3. When compared to common food items such as sugar (molar mass: 342.3 g/mol, density: 1.59 g/cm3) and salt (molar mass: 58.44 g/mol, density: 2.16 g/cm3), 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane falls within the same range.
The melting point of 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane is around 120°C, while its boiling point is approximately 300°C. Comparatively, common food items like butter (melting point: 32-35°C, boiling point: 177°C) and water (melting point: 0°C, boiling point: 100°C) have significantly lower melting and boiling points.
2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane is sparingly soluble in water and exhibits high viscosity in solution. This contrasts with common food items like sugar and salt, which are highly soluble in water and have lower viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane, also known as DMPAT, is typically produced through a multi-step synthesis process in a laboratory setting. The compound can be obtained by first reacting 1,4-dichlorobutane with thiourea to form the intermediate, followed by hydrolysis and subsequent oxidative desulfurization to yield the final product.
In terms of procurement and transportation, 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane can be purchased from chemical suppliers that specialize in rare or specialty compounds. Once acquired, the compound must be handled with care due to its potential reactivity and toxicity. Proper safety protocols should be followed during both the procurement and transportation processes to ensure the integrity of the substance and the safety of personnel involved.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane, also known as DMDS, must be taken into account due to its potential hazards. This compound is a skin and eye irritant, and may cause respiratory irritation if inhaled. It is important to handle 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane with care and use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a respirator. Additionally, this chemical should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Hazard statements for 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye irritation,” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” These statements highlight the potential dangers associated with this compound and emphasize the importance of taking necessary precautions when working with it. It is crucial to follow safety guidelines and procedures to minimize the risk of exposure and ensure a safe working environment.
Precautionary statements for 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane include “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray,” “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection,” and “IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.” These statements provide essential guidance on how to safely handle and use this chemical, emphasizing the importance of proper ventilation, personal protective equipment, and prompt action in case of exposure. Adhering to these precautions can help mitigate potential risks and ensure the well-being of individuals working with 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane, also known as DHB, has exhibited its potential as a chelating agent in metal detoxification pathways due to its ability to form stable complexes with heavy metals.
The compound’s antioxidant properties make it a promising candidate for investigating its potential in mitigating oxidative stress and its associated damage in biological systems.
Further research directions could explore the potential of 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane as a therapeutic agent in treating conditions linked to heavy metal toxicity or oxidative stress, shedding light on its possible applications in medicine and environmental remediation efforts.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane is 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobut-3-ene. This compound also contains two hydroxyl groups and two sulfur atoms in its structure. The presence of the double bond in the carbon chain differentiates it from 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure is 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-diethylbutane. This compound shares the same pattern of dihydroxy and dithio groups as 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane. However, the substitution of two ethyl groups for hydrogen atoms on the carbon chain alters its physical and chemical properties.
2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiopentane is another compound that bears resemblance to 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane. In this compound, the carbon chain is extended by one extra carbon atom compared to 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane. The presence of two hydroxy groups and two sulfur atoms makes them structurally similar.
