(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal is a type of sugar known as D-arabinose which is commonly found in nature and is a vital component of various biological processes. It plays a key role in the metabolism of plants and bacteria, and is also utilized in various industrial applications such as food production and pharmaceuticals. In everyday life, D-arabinose can be found in a variety of foods and beverages, serving as a source of energy and contributing to the overall flavor profile of these products. Additionally, research has shown potential health benefits of D-arabinose, such as its ability to modulate blood sugar levels and enhance gut health. Its widespread presence underscores the importance of this compound in both the natural world and in human activities.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal, also known as C5-epi-arabino-hexose, has a number of commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a chiral building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. Due to its unique stereochemistry, this compound is of particular interest in the development of biologically active molecules.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal has shown promise as a potential therapeutic agent. Research is ongoing to explore its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its ability to modulate immune responses. This compound has the potential to be a valuable addition to the arsenal of drugs used to treat various health conditions.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
Paragraph 1: (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal appears as a colorless, odorless solid at room temperature. It is a crystalline compound with a powdery texture.
Paragraph 2: The molar mass of (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal is approximately 180.16 g/mol, and its density is around 1.48 g/cm^3. This places it in line with common food items in terms of molar mass and density.
Paragraph 3: The melting point of (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal is approximately 110-115°C, while its boiling point is around 320-325°C. These values are similar to those of common food items, such as sugars and carbohydrates.
Paragraph 4: (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal is highly soluble in water due to its hydroxyl groups, and it exhibits low viscosity in solution. This high water solubility and low viscosity are characteristic of many food items, such as sugars and other carbohydrates.
🏭 Production & Procurement
(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal is produced through a series of chemical reactions involving the selective oxidation of a suitable precursor compound. The specific synthesis pathway may vary depending on the desired stereochemistry and purity of the final product. Careful control of reaction conditions is necessary to ensure the desired regio- and stereo-selectivity.
The production of (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal typically involves multiple purification steps to remove impurities and isolate the target compound. These purification steps may include crystallization, chromatography, or other separation techniques. Additionally, characterization techniques such as spectroscopy and chromatography are often used to confirm the identity and purity of the final product.
(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal can be procured from chemical suppliers specializing in custom synthesis and rare compounds. The compound is typically transported in sealed containers under controlled conditions to prevent degradation or contamination. Due to its highly reactive nature, (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal should be handled with care and stored in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal include the need to handle the chemical with proper personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. It is important to work in a well-ventilated area to prevent inhalation of vapors. The chemical should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials.
The hazard statements for (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal include the potential for causing skin irritation and serious eye damage. It may also be harmful if swallowed or inhaled. It is important to avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing and to wash thoroughly after handling.
Precautionary statements for (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal include the need to wear protective gloves, eye protection, and face protection. In case of skin contact, immediately wash with soap and water. In case of eye contact, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. If experiencing respiratory discomfort, move to fresh air and seek medical attention if necessary.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal may include further investigation into its potential biological activities, such as its antioxidant properties or effects on cellular pathways. Studies could explore its interactions with enzymes or proteins, as well as its potential applications in medicine or biotechnology.
Additionally, researchers may be interested in synthesizing derivatives of (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal to study structure-activity relationships and identify compounds with improved properties. This could involve modifying the molecule to enhance its stability, bioavailability, or target specificity, leading to the development of novel drug candidates or bioactive molecules.
Furthermore, the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal in nature could provide valuable insights into metabolic processes and facilitate the production of the compound through biotechnological approaches. Understanding how this molecule is produced in living organisms may also shed light on its ecological roles and potential ecological significance.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal is (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxyheptanal. This compound has an additional hydroxyl group on the seventh carbon, resulting in a slightly longer molecular structure. The placement of hydroxyl groups on the second, third, fourth, fifth, and fifth carbons remains consistent with the original compound.
Another similar compound is (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroxyheptanal. In this compound, the additional hydroxyl group is located on the sixth carbon, leading to a change in the carbon chain length. However, the overall configuration of the hydroxyl groups on the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth carbons is the same as (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal.
A further similar compound is (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyheptanal. This compound has the same carbon chain length as the original compound, but with an additional hydroxyl group on the seventh carbon. The configuration of the hydroxyl groups on the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth carbons remains unchanged.
