(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal, also known as erythrulose, is a compound commonly used in cosmetics and sunless tanning products. Its ability to react with amino acids in the outermost layer of skin results in the formation of a brown pigment, giving the appearance of a natural tan without the need for exposure to harmful UV rays. Erythrulose has become a popular ingredient in self-tanning lotions and sprays, providing individuals with a safer alternative to traditional sunbathing or tanning beds. Its presence in everyday products underscores the growing importance of sun protection and skin health in modern society.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal, also known as D-ribose, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used in the food industry as a sweetening agent and flavor enhancer. D-ribose is also utilized in the production of cosmetics and personal care products due to its moisturizing properties. Additionally, this compound is employed in the pharmaceutical industry as a key ingredient in certain medications.
In terms of drug and medication applications, (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal plays a crucial role in the synthesis of nucleoside analogs. These compounds are widely used in the treatment of viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis. D-ribose is also utilized in the formulation of certain cardiovascular medications to improve heart function and circulation. Overall, the pharmaceutical industry relies on this compound for its medicinal properties and therapeutic benefits.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
The compound (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal appears as a white, crystalline solid with no distinctive odor.
With a molar mass of 180.16 g/mol and a density of approximately 1.6 g/cm³, (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal falls within the range of molar mass and density commonly found in various food items.
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal has a melting point of around 165-170°C and a boiling point of approximately 260-265°C, which are within the typical range for food ingredients.
This compound is highly soluble in water and exhibits a low viscosity, characteristics that are commonly found in food items such as sugars and organic acids.
🏭 Production & Procurement
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal is commonly produced through chemical synthesis in laboratory settings. This compound can be obtained by reactively oxidizing D-glucose with mild oxidizing agents, followed by a series of enzymatic reactions to introduce hydroxyl groups at specific positions on the hexanal backbone.
Procurement of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal typically involves contacting specialty chemical suppliers or pharmaceutical companies that have the capacity to synthesize and produce this compound at a commercial scale. Once procured, the compound can be transported in either liquid or solid form, depending on the specific requirements of the end user.
Transportation of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal is typically carried out using standard chemical handling and shipping procedures to ensure the compound reaches its destination safely and in optimal condition. Specialized carriers may be utilized to transport this compound, adhering to strict regulations and protocols related to the handling of hazardous and sensitive chemical substances.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal include potential hazards associated with its chemical properties. This compound may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon contact or inhalation. It is important to handle this substance with care, use appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and goggles, and work in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure.
Additionally, proper storage and disposal of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal is crucial to prevent accidental spills or leaks. Store this chemical in a tightly sealed container away from heat, sparks, or flames to reduce the risk of fire or explosion. In case of emergency, follow established protocols for chemical spills or exposures, and seek immediate medical attention if necessary.
Hazard statements for (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal include warnings about its potential health hazards. This compound may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon contact or inhalation. Avoid direct contact with the substance, use appropriate personal protective equipment, and work in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure. In case of accidental exposure, seek medical attention immediately and provide the necessary information about the chemical involved.
Precautionary statements for (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal emphasize the importance of safe handling and storage practices. Keep this compound in a tightly sealed container away from heat, sparks, or flames to prevent fire or explosion hazards. Use appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and goggles when working with the substance, and wash hands thoroughly after handling. In case of spills or leaks, follow established protocols for cleanup and disposal to minimize environmental impact.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal involves studying its potential antioxidant properties. This compound contains multiple hydroxyl groups, which have been shown to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in biological systems.
Researchers may also investigate the potential therapeutic applications of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal. Its unique structure and chiral configuration may have specific interactions with biological targets, making it a promising candidate for drug development in areas such as cardiovascular disease or cancer.
Further studies could explore the synthesis and isolation methods of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal to optimize its production for research and commercial purposes. Understanding the chemical reactions involved in its formation could lead to more efficient ways to access this compound for future investigations.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal is (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal. This compound has the same molecular formula and functional groups in the same positions as the original compound, but its configuration is different. Despite the difference in configuration, these two compounds have similar chemical properties due to their similar structures.
Another similar compound is (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal. In this compound, the configuration of the second carbon atom is reversed compared to the original compound. This causes subtle differences in the stereochemistry of the molecule, leading to potential differences in its reactivity and biological activity. Despite these differences, the overall structure of the compound remains largely unchanged.
A third similar compound is (2S,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal. In this compound, the configuration of the first and third carbon atoms is reversed compared to the original compound. This alteration in stereochemistry can have significant effects on the compound’s interactions with other molecules. Despite these differences, the core structure of the molecule remains intact.
