5-Hydroxypentanoic acid, also known as 5-HPA, is a compound that plays a significant role in various industries and applications. This molecule is commonly used in the production of biodegradable polymers, which are essential in reducing plastic waste and promoting environmental sustainability. Additionally, 5-HPA is utilized in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, flavors, and fragrances, highlighting its importance in everyday products. Overall, the relevance of 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid lies in its versatility and widespread applications across different sectors, making it an essential component in modern-day society.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
5-Hydroxypentanoic acid, also known as 5-HPA, has a wide range of commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a precursor in the production of biodegradable polymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). These polymers have various applications in packaging, medical devices, and agricultural materials due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability.
In addition to its role in polymer production, 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid is utilized in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, such as flavoring agents and fragrances. It is also an important intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The versatility of 5-HPA makes it a valuable compound in various industrial processes.
Due to its biological activity and structural properties, 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid is being investigated for potential drug and medication applications. It has shown promise as a precursor in the synthesis of compounds with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Additionally, research is ongoing to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of 5-HPA in treating various neurological disorders and metabolic diseases.
Overall, 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid plays a crucial role in both commercial and industrial sectors, offering a wide range of applications in polymer production, specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and potential drug development. Its unique properties and versatile nature make it a valuable compound in various fields of research and development.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
5-Hydroxypentanoic acid, also known as 5-Hydroxyvaleric acid, is a colorless crystalline solid with a faint odor. It is a carboxylic acid that is commonly used in the production of various compounds in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
With a molar mass of 118.13 g/mol and a density of 1.187 g/cm3, 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid is comparable in molar mass to common food items such as glucose (180.16 g/mol) and sucrose (342.3 g/mol). However, its density is higher than that of most food items, such as water (1 g/cm3) and vegetable oil (0.9 g/cm3).
5-Hydroxypentanoic acid has a melting point of 131-133°C and a boiling point of 330-332°C. These values are significantly higher than those of common food items such as sugar (melting point: 160-186°C) and water (boiling point: 100°C). This higher melting and boiling point may impact its use in food processing.
This compound is sparingly soluble in water, with a solubility of approximately 1.3 g/100 mL at 20°C. It exhibits a relatively low viscosity compared to common food items such as honey and molasses. This solubility and viscosity profile may influence its applications in the food industry.
🏭 Production & Procurement
5-Hydroxypentanoic acid, also known as 5-HPA, is primarily produced through chemical synthesis in laboratory settings. This involves the reaction of a suitable starting material, such as 5-hydroxypentanal or a related compound, with appropriate reagents and catalysts to form the desired product.
Once 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid is synthesized, it can be procured from chemical suppliers or specialty manufacturers. The compound is typically available in various quantities, from small research-grade samples to bulk quantities for industrial applications. It can be shipped in solid or liquid form, depending on the specific needs of the end user.
In order to ensure safe and efficient transport of 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid, proper packaging and labeling are crucial. The compound may be shipped in sealed containers, such as bottles or drums, to prevent leakage or contamination during transit. Additionally, all shipments must comply with relevant regulations and guidelines to minimize any potential hazards or risks associated with handling this chemical.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid primarily revolve around its potential for skin and eye irritation. It is recommended to wear protective gloves and goggles when handling this substance to prevent any direct contact with the skin or eyes. Additionally, proper ventilation should be in place to avoid inhalation of vapors or dust particles. In case of accidental exposure or ingestion, it is advised to seek medical attention immediately.
Hazard statements for 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid include potential irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon contact or inhalation. This substance may cause sensitization by skin contact and is harmful if swallowed. It is also classified as irritating to aquatic organisms, with long-lasting effects. Proper precautions should be taken to prevent any adverse effects on human health or the environment when handling 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid.
Precautionary statements for 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid include wearing protective gloves, clothing, and eye protection when handling this substance to minimize the risk of skin and eye irritation. It is advised to work in a well-ventilated area or use appropriate respiratory protection to prevent inhalation of vapors. In case of accidental exposure, rinse skin with water, remove contaminated clothing, and seek medical advice. Proper disposal methods should be followed to prevent environmental contamination.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid is the investigation of its biological activity and potential pharmacological applications. Studies can focus on its interaction with specific receptors or enzymes, as well as its effects on various cellular processes. This research could lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases.
Another interesting avenue for research is the potential use of 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid as a building block for the synthesis of biologically active molecules. By exploring its reactivity with different functional groups and its potential for selective modification, researchers could develop new synthetic methods for the preparation of complex organic compounds. This could have implications for drug discovery and material science.
Furthermore, the study of the chemical properties and stability of 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid could be of interest to researchers in the field of organic chemistry. Understanding its structure-activity relationship and its behavior under different conditions could provide insights into its reactivity and potential applications. This research could also lead to the development of new synthetic methodologies and strategies for the design of novel compounds.
Additionally, investigations into the environmental fate and degradation pathways of 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid could be valuable for assessing its potential impact on ecosystems and human health. Studies could focus on its biodegradability, persistence in the environment, and potential for bioaccumulation in living organisms. This research could inform regulatory decisions and guide the development of sustainable practices for the use and disposal of this compound.
Lastly, exploring the potential industrial applications of 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid, such as its use as a precursor for the synthesis of polymers or specialty chemicals, could be of interest to researchers in the fields of polymer chemistry and industrial engineering. Studies could investigate its suitability for different industrial processes, its compatibility with other chemicals, and its potential for large-scale production. This research could lead to the development of new materials with unique properties and applications.
🧪 Related Compounds
5-Hydroxypentanoic acid, with the molecular formula C5H10O3, belongs to a class of compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. Structurally similar compounds include 4-Hydroxypentanoic acid, which differs from 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid by the placement of the hydroxyl group on the fourth carbon atom of the pentanoic acid chain. This subtle modification results in different chemical and biological properties in terms of solubility, reactivity, and biological activity.
Another compound similar to 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid is 6-Hydroxypentanoic acid, wherein the hydroxyl group is located on the sixth carbon atom of the pentanoic acid chain. This positional isomer shares some similarities with 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid in terms of structure but may exhibit distinct functional differences in terms of metabolic pathways, enzyme interactions, and physiological effects. The presence of the hydroxyl group at a different position can significantly impact the compound’s behavior in various chemical and biological processes.
Furthermore, 2-Hydroxypentanoic acid is another compound related to 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid but with the hydroxyl group situated on the second carbon atom of the pentanoic acid chain. This structural variation leads to differences in physical properties, such as melting point and boiling point, as well as chemical reactivity and biological function. Exploring the structural diversity of hydroxy fatty acids like 5-Hydroxypentanoic acid and its analogs provides valuable insights into the structure-activity relationships that govern their roles in biochemical processes.
