4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl is a chemical compound that has implications in everyday life due to its use in various industries. This compound is commonly utilized as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Its unique properties make it valuable in organic chemistry research and development, leading to advancements in fields such as medicine and agriculture. Additionally, 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl is used in the production of liquid crystals for electronic displays, contributing to the technology we interact with on a daily basis. Its role in these applications underscores the relevance of this compound in modern society.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl, a chemical compound known for its unique properties, has found commercial and industrial applications in various fields. Due to its high thermal stability, it is commonly used in the production of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Additionally, this compound is utilized in the synthesis of specialty chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl plays a crucial role in the development of novel pharmaceutical compounds. Its ability to serve as a versatile building block enables the synthesis of drug candidates with enhanced biological activities and improved pharmacokinetic properties. Researchers are exploring the potential of this compound in the synthesis of new pharmaceutical agents for various therapeutic areas.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl appears as a white crystalline powder with no distinct odor. It is often used as a building block in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds.
The molar mass of 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl is approximately 184.15 g/mol, with a density of around 1.31 g/cm³. Compared to common food items like sugar and salt, 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl has a higher molar mass and density.
4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl has a melting point of 77-79°C and a boiling point of 270°C. These values are significantly higher than those of common food items like butter and chocolate, which typically melt and boil at lower temperatures.
4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl is insoluble in water and exhibits low viscosity. In comparison to common food items like vinegar and honey, 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl shows poor solubility in water and lower viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl is typically produced through a process involving the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. This reaction involves the coupling of an aryl halide with an arylboronic acid derivative in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base. The resulting product is then isolated and purified to obtain 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl.
To procure 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl, one must typically contact a chemical supplier that specializes in the production and distribution of fine chemicals. The compound can be purchased in various quantities, ranging from grams to kilograms, depending on the needs of the buyer. Once purchased, 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl can be shipped in a sealed container to ensure its stability and prevent any contamination during transport.
Transporting 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl requires adherence to strict regulations governing the shipment of hazardous chemicals. The compound must be packaged in compliance with international guidelines for safe transport, such as those set forth by the United Nations. Additionally, proper labeling and documentation must be provided to accurately identify the contents of the shipment and ensure compliance with relevant regulations.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl include its potential as a flammable liquid and vapor, which may form explosive mixtures if exposed to air. Additionally, the substance may cause skin irritation and serious eye damage upon contact. It is recommended to handle 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl in a well-ventilated area, wear appropriate protective clothing, gloves, and eye protection, and avoid inhalation of vapors.
Hazard statements for 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye damage,” and “May form explosive peroxides.” These statements indicate the potential risks associated with exposure to the substance, emphasizing the importance of taking necessary precautions to prevent harm. It is essential to handle 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl with care and follow safety guidelines to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.
Precautionary statements for 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl recommend wearing protective gloves, clothing, eye protection, and face protection when handling the substance. It is advised to avoid breathing vapors, mist, or gas, and to wash thoroughly after handling. In case of skin irritation or eye contact, it is crucial to seek medical advice or attention promptly. Proper storage and disposal methods should also be followed to prevent environmental contamination and harm to living organisms.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl could include studying its physicochemical properties and reactivity in various reactions.
Further investigation could be conducted to explore its potential applications in organic synthesis and material science.
Additionally, research on the toxicological effects and environmental impact of 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl could provide valuable insights for risk assessment and mitigation strategies.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl is 4,4′-Dichlorobiphenyl. In this compound, the two fluorine atoms in 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl are replaced by two chlorine atoms. This substitution results in a compound with similar structural characteristics but different chemical properties.
Another similar compound is 4,4′-Dimethylbiphenyl. In this compound, the two fluorine atoms in 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl are replaced by two methyl groups. This substitution alters the steric and electronic properties of the molecule, leading to different reactivity and physical properties compared to 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl.
Similarly, 4,4′-Dibromobiphenyl is another compound related to 4,4′-Difluorobiphenyl. Here, the two fluorine atoms are replaced by two bromine atoms. This substitution leads to changes in the overall polarity and stability of the molecule, affecting its interactions with other chemicals and biological systems.
