4,4′-Bipyridine, a compound commonly utilized in the field of chemistry, holds significance in various everyday applications. Its versatile nature allows for applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. For instance, 4,4′-Bipyridine is often used as a ligand in coordination chemistry, facilitating the formation of metal complexes with unique properties. Additionally, it serves as a building block in the synthesis of organic compounds, enabling the production of diverse products ranging from dyes to catalysts. Overall, the widespread use of 4,4′-Bipyridine underscores its relevance in shaping advancements across different sectors of daily life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
4,4′-Bipyridine, also known as para-bipyridine, finds extensive applications in commercial and industrial settings. It is used as a complexing agent in the production of various metal-containing compounds, such as coordination complexes. The compound’s ability to form stable complexes with metals makes it a valuable tool in chemical synthesis and catalysis processes.
In the pharmaceutical industry, 4,4′-Bipyridine has been investigated for its potential medicinal properties. Studies have shown that it exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, making it a promising candidate for the development of new drugs. Additionally, the compound’s ability to bind to metal ions could be useful in developing metal-based drugs for treating various diseases.
4,4′-Bipyridine has also been explored for its potential applications in the field of material science. It has been used in the fabrication of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers, which have diverse industrial applications, including gas storage, separation, and catalysis. The compound’s unique structural properties make it a valuable building block for designing novel materials with tailored properties for specific industrial applications.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4,4′-Bipyridine is a white crystalline powder with a faint odor. It is commonly used as a ligand in coordination chemistry due to its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions.
The molar mass of 4,4′-Bipyridine is 156.19 g/mol, and its density is approximately 1.12 g/cm³. These values are comparable to common household items such as table salt (molar mass of 58.44 g/mol) and sugar (density of 1.59 g/cm³).
4,4′-Bipyridine has a melting point of 68-71°C and a boiling point of 231-234°C. These values are higher than those of common household items such as ice (melting point of 0°C) and water (boiling point of 100°C).
4,4′-Bipyridine is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents. It has a low viscosity, similar to common household items like rubbing alcohol. Additionally, its solubility in water is lower and viscosity is higher compared to substances like salt and sugar.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4,4′-Bipyridine, also known as para-bipyridine, is primarily produced through the reaction of acetaldehyde with a mixture of ammonia and potassium cyanide. This process is commonly known as the Chichibabin synthesis and yields a high purity product suitable for various applications in the chemical industry.
Once 4,4′-Bipyridine has been produced, it can be procured through chemical suppliers or specialty manufacturers. The compound is typically available in both liquid and solid forms, depending on the intended use. Transportation of 4,4′-Bipyridine is usually carried out in sealed containers to prevent exposure to moisture or contaminants.
In order to safely transport 4,4′-Bipyridine, it is essential to comply with regulations established by relevant governing bodies. This includes ensuring proper labeling, packaging, and handling procedures are followed to prevent any potential hazards during transportation. Furthermore, it is essential to work with experienced carriers to guarantee the safe and timely delivery of the compound to its destination.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4,4′-Bipyridine should be taken seriously due to its potential hazards. This compound is a skin and eye irritant, and can cause respiratory irritation if inhaled. It may also be harmful if swallowed or absorbed through the skin, so appropriate precautions should be taken when handling it. It is important to wear personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when working with 4,4′-Bipyridine to minimize the risk of exposure.
In terms of pharmacology, 4,4′-Bipyridine has been shown to have various biological activities. It can act as a ligand for metal ions, forming coordination complexes. This compound also exhibits antioxidant properties, and has been investigated for its potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, 4,4′-Bipyridine has been studied for its antibacterial and antifungal activities, showing promise as a potential antimicrobial agent.
The hazard statements for 4,4′-Bipyridine include: “Causes skin and eye irritation,” “May cause respiratory irritation,” and “Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through the skin.” These statements highlight the potential risks associated with exposure to this compound, and emphasize the importance of taking appropriate safety precautions when working with it. It is crucial to follow all handling and storage guidelines to minimize the risk of harm.
Precautionary statements for 4,4′-Bipyridine include: “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection,” “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray,” and “Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.” These statements underscore the importance of using personal protective equipment, ensuring adequate ventilation, and taking other necessary precautions to prevent exposure to this compound. By following these guidelines, the risks associated with handling 4,4′-Bipyridine can be minimized.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 4,4′-Bipyridine is its application in coordination chemistry. This compound has been studied for its ability to form stable complexes with transition metal ions, making it a valuable ligand for catalytic reactions and material synthesis.
Another avenue of research could be exploring the biological activity of 4,4′-Bipyridine and its derivatives. There is growing interest in understanding the potential therapeutic effects of compounds containing this motif, particularly in the context of cancer treatment and antimicrobial agents.
Furthermore, the potential use of 4,4′-Bipyridine in the field of organic electronics is a fascinating area of investigation. This compound has shown promise as a building block for high-performance organic semiconductors, opening up possibilities for the development of efficient optoelectronic devices.
Lastly, the study of the physical and chemical properties of 4,4′-Bipyridine in different environments, such as solid-state structures or solution phase behavior, presents exciting opportunities for further research. By investigating the unique characteristics of this compound, researchers can gain insights into its reactivity and potential applications in various fields.
🧪 Related Compounds
4,4′-Bipyridine is a chemical compound that contains two pyridine rings linked at the 4th position, resulting in a linear structure. Similar compounds to 4,4′-Bipyridine include 2,2′-Bipyridine, where the pyridine rings are linked at the 2nd position instead of the 4th. This change in linkage position alters the electronic properties of the compound, affecting its reactivity and solubility.
Another similar compound to 4,4′-Bipyridine is 4,4′-Bithiazole, which replaces the pyridine rings with thiazole rings. Bithiazole compounds exhibit unique physicochemical properties compared to bipyridine compounds due to the presence of sulfur atoms in the thiazole rings. These differences can lead to varied applications in materials science and organic synthesis.
Furthermore, 4,4′-Bipyrimidine is another compound similar to 4,4′-Bipyridine, but with pyrimidine rings instead of pyridine rings. Pyrimidine-containing compounds are often found in nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, highlighting their biological significance. The substitution of pyridine with pyrimidine alters the compound’s functional groups and overall reactivity, leading to diverse chemical behaviors.
