4-Vinylpyridine is a chemical compound that is commonly used in the production of various polymers and resins. It is also used in the manufacturing of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and adhesives. While the average person may not come into direct contact with 4-Vinylpyridine in their daily life, its widespread use in various industries plays a significant role in the production of everyday products that we use, such as plastics, medicines, and household chemicals. Additionally, 4-Vinylpyridine is also utilized in research and development efforts to create new materials and technologies that may improve our quality of life in the future.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
4-Vinylpyridine is a chemical compound that finds several commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of copolymers, resins, and adhesives due to its reactivity and ability to form strong bonds. Additionally, 4-Vinylpyridine is utilized as a building block in the synthesis of various specialty chemicals used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and cosmetics.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 4-Vinylpyridine plays a crucial role as a reagent in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates. It is often used in the synthesis of drug molecules, particularly in the creation of antiretroviral drugs and other therapeutic compounds. The chemical properties of 4-Vinylpyridine make it a valuable tool for pharmaceutical researchers and manufacturers seeking to develop new medications and treatments.
Furthermore, 4-Vinylpyridine is utilized in the production of polymer-based drug delivery systems. These systems are designed to release medication in a controlled and targeted manner, improving the efficacy and safety of drug treatments. By incorporating 4-Vinylpyridine into these polymer matrices, researchers can tailor drug release profiles and enhance the overall therapeutic performance of medications.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4-Vinylpyridine is a colorless to yellow liquid with a pungent odor resembling that of pyridine. It is commonly used as a building block in the synthesis of polymers and pharmaceuticals due to its reactivity and ability to undergo polymerization reactions.
With a molar mass of 105.13 g/mol and a density of 0.953 g/cm³, 4-Vinylpyridine is relatively light compared to common food items such as sugar (molar mass of 342.3 g/mol) and water (density of 1 g/cm³). This makes it a versatile compound for use in various chemical processes where weight and volume considerations are important.
4-Vinylpyridine has a melting point of -17.8 °C and a boiling point of 66-67 °C, which are significantly lower than those of common food items like salt (melting point of 801 °C) and olive oil (boiling point of 300 °C). These properties make 4-Vinylpyridine easy to handle and manipulate in laboratory settings.
Despite being sparingly soluble in water, 4-Vinylpyridine exhibits high viscosity in its liquid state, which can hinder its mixing with other substances. This contrasts with common food items like sugar and salt, which are highly soluble in water and have low viscosity. These differences in solubility and viscosity impact the ease of handling and processing of 4-Vinylpyridine compared to food items.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4-Vinylpyridine is typically produced through a chemical reaction known as the Heck reaction. This reaction involves coupling vinyl halides with pyridine in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The resulting product is 4-Vinylpyridine, a clear and colorless liquid.
When it comes to procuring 4-Vinylpyridine, it is commonly available for purchase from chemical suppliers. It can be transported in various forms, including as a pure liquid or as a solution in a solvent such as ethanol or toluene. Proper safety measures must be taken during transport due to its flammability and potential reactivity.
The transportation of 4-Vinylpyridine is typically done in accordance with hazardous materials regulations. This may involve using appropriate containers and labeling, as well as following guidelines for handling flammable liquids. Special precautions should also be taken to prevent leakage or spills during transportation to ensure safety and compliance with regulations.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4-Vinylpyridine must be taken seriously due to its potential hazards. This compound is flammable and may ignite if exposed to heat or open flames. It is also toxic if inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or ingested, leading to irritation of the respiratory system, skin, and eyes. Therefore, appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and a lab coat, should be worn when handling 4-Vinylpyridine to minimize the risk of exposure.
Hazard statements for 4-Vinylpyridine include “Highly flammable liquid and vapor”, “Causes skin irritation”, and “May cause respiratory irritation”. These statements highlight the potential risks associated with this compound, emphasizing the need for proper storage and handling procedures to prevent accidents and minimize exposure. It is important to follow safety protocols and guidelines when working with 4-Vinylpyridine to ensure the well-being of laboratory personnel and prevent any adverse effects.
Precautionary statements for 4-Vinylpyridine include “Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces”, “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection”, and “IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water”. These statements outline the necessary precautions that should be taken when working with this compound to reduce the risk of potential hazards. By following these precautionary measures, individuals can minimize the likelihood of accidents or exposure to 4-Vinylpyridine and ensure a safe working environment.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for 4-Vinylpyridine include exploring its applications in polymer synthesis, particularly in the development of functional materials with unique properties. Researchers may investigate the copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine with other monomers to create new materials with enhanced properties, such as improved thermal stability or increased chemical resistance.
Another area of interest could be the study of 4-Vinylpyridine’s potential as a ligand in coordination chemistry. By examining the coordination complexes formed by 4-Vinylpyridine with various metal ions, researchers can gain insights into the stability and reactivity of these complexes, as well as their potential applications in catalysis or materials science.
Furthermore, researchers may focus on the biological activity of 4-Vinylpyridine and its derivatives. Studies on the interactions of 4-Vinylpyridine with biological molecules, such as proteins or enzymes, could provide valuable information on its potential as a pharmaceutical agent or its toxicity profile. Additionally, investigations into the ability of 4-Vinylpyridine to modify biomolecules through covalent bonding could lead to the development of novel bioconjugates for various applications in biotechnology.
Overall, the versatile nature of 4-Vinylpyridine makes it an intriguing compound for a wide range of research topics, from materials science to biochemistry. By exploring its various properties and applications, researchers can uncover new insights and potentially discover innovative uses for this compound in different fields of study.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4-Vinylpyridine is 2-Vinylpyridine. This compound is structurally analogous to 4-Vinylpyridine, with the vinyl group attached to the 2-position of the pyridine ring. 2-Vinylpyridine is commonly used in organic synthesis and polymerization reactions due to its reactivity.
Another compound with a similar structure to 4-Vinylpyridine is 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridine. In this compound, a methyl group is attached to the 2-position of the pyridine ring, while the vinyl group is attached to the 5-position. 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridine is utilized in the production of polymers and in cross-coupling reactions in organic chemistry.
Additionally, 3-Vinylpyridine is a compound that shares structural similarities with 4-Vinylpyridine. In 3-Vinylpyridine, the vinyl group is attached to the 3-position of the pyridine ring. This compound is commonly employed as a ligand in coordination chemistry and as a monomer in the synthesis of copolymers.
