4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid, also known as HPGA, is a compound that has various applications in everyday life. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a skincare ingredient due to its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. Additionally, HPGA is also utilized in the pharmaceutical industry as a building block for the synthesis of certain drugs. Its ability to inhibit inflammatory processes makes it a valuable component in the development of therapeutic treatments for various medical conditions. Overall, 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid plays a significant role in enhancing both cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, contributing to improving overall health and well-being in society.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid, also known as p-hydroxyphenylglycolic acid or hydroxyphenylglycolic acid, is a compound with various commercial and industrial applications. This acid is commonly used in the production of cosmetics and personal care products, as it exhibits antioxidant properties that can help preserve the quality and shelf-life of these products. Additionally, 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is utilized as a chelating agent in the textile industry to remove unwanted metal ions from fabrics during the manufacturing process.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid plays a significant role in pharmaceutical synthesis. This compound is a key intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals such as arbutin, which is commonly used in skincare treatments for its skin-lightening and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is utilized in the synthesis of certain drugs that target neurological disorders, as it can act as a precursor for neurotransmitter molecules that regulate brain function and mood stability. The versatility of this acid in drug development highlights its importance in the field of pharmacology.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is a white crystalline solid with no distinctive odor. Its appearance is similar to that of common household substances like sugar or salt.
The molar mass of 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is 166.14 g/mol, with a density of approximately 1.34 g/cm³. This molar mass is comparable to that of household items like baking soda, while the density is similar to that of vinegar.
The melting point of 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is around 234-237°C, with a boiling point of approximately 410-413°C. These values are much higher than those of common household items such as butter or chocolate.
4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is sparingly soluble in water and has a relatively low viscosity. Its solubility in water is akin to that of oil or wax, while its viscosity is comparable to that of vinegar or honey.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is produced through a series of chemical reactions starting with the oxidation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide. The resulting product, hydroxyquinone, is then reacted with glyoxylic acid to form 4-hydroxyphenylglycolic acid. This process typically takes place in a controlled laboratory setting under specific temperature and pressure conditions.
4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid can be procured from chemical suppliers specializing in fine chemicals and laboratory reagents. It is commonly available in both liquid and powder forms, packaged in sealed containers to prevent contamination or degradation. Transportation of 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is facilitated through standard chemical shipping methods, ensuring compliance with safety regulations and guidelines for handling hazardous materials.
Upon procurement, 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is typically transported in sealed containers using specialized chemical transport vehicles equipped with proper labeling and safety measures. The compound is sensitive to light, moisture, and heat, requiring careful handling and storage to maintain its stability and integrity. Proper documentation and safety protocols must be followed during transportation to prevent accidental spills or exposure to chemical hazards.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety Considerations for 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid:
When handling 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid, it is essential to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and a lab coat, to prevent skin contact or inhalation of the substance. Additionally, the compound should be used in a fume hood to minimize the risk of exposure to potentially harmful vapors. Care should be taken to avoid ingestion or contact with eyes, as these can cause irritation or more severe health effects.
Pharmacology of 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid:
4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which plays a crucial role in the central nervous system. This compound is involved in the breakdown of dopamine and is excreted in urine. 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid levels can be used as a biomarker for certain neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, as disruptions in dopamine metabolism can lead to changes in its concentration.
Hazard Statements for 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid:
When working with 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid, it is important to be aware of the potential hazards associated with the substance. Hazard statements for this compound include “Causes skin irritation” and “Causes serious eye irritation.” In case of skin or eye contact, immediate medical attention should be sought, and affected areas should be washed thoroughly with water.
Precautionary Statements for 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid:
To minimize the risks associated with 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid, several precautionary measures should be followed. These include wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, when handling the compound. In case of a spill, the area should be cleaned up promptly using absorbent material, and proper disposal procedures should be followed to prevent environmental contamination. Additionally, this compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances to ensure safety.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is its role in pharmaceutical formulations, as it has been found to possess antioxidant properties that may be valuable in developing new drugs.
Another area of interest for researchers could be the biotransformation pathways of 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid in the human body, as understanding its metabolism could lead to insights into its functions and potential biological effects.
Furthermore, investigations into the potential therapeutic applications of 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid in treating various diseases or conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders or cardiovascular diseases, could provide valuable information on its pharmacological properties.
Additionally, exploring the synthesis of derivatives of 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid may open up new avenues for drug discovery and development, as modifications to its chemical structure could potentially enhance its bioactivity and medicinal properties.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid, based on its molecular structure, is 3-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid. This compound shares a similar core structure with 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid, but differs in the position of the hydroxyl group on the phenyl ring. Despite this difference, both compounds exhibit similar chemical properties and may have overlapping biological activities.
Another related compound is 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, which differs from 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid in the absence of the carboxyl group on the alpha carbon. However, like 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid contains a hydroxyl group attached to a phenyl ring. This similarity in structure may suggest comparable reactivity and potential biological functions for both compounds.
Additionally, a related compound to 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid is 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolic acid. This compound contains two hydroxyl groups attached to the phenyl ring, resulting in increased polarity compared to 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid. Despite this difference, both compounds share a common structural motif and may exhibit similar biochemical properties and functions in biological systems.
