4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a compound commonly found in a variety of natural sources, such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. It plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of certain neurotransmitters in the human body, including dopamine and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters are essential for regulating mood, cognition, and overall mental well-being.
Furthermore, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid has been studied for its potential antioxidant properties, which may help protect cells from damage caused by oxidative stress. This could have implications for various health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.
In everyday life, individuals may encounter 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid through their diet or as a component of certain supplements. Understanding its physiological roles and potential health benefits can contribute to informed decision-making regarding dietary choices and overall well-being.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
The compound 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, also known as p-OH-Phenylacetic acid, has several commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a building block in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fragrances. Additionally, it is utilized in the production of synthetic flavors and perfumes due to its aromatic properties.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid plays a crucial role as a precursor in the synthesis of drugs such as amphetamine and norepinephrine. It is also used in the formulation of certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other pharmaceutical compounds. Moreover, this compound has been studied for its potential therapeutic benefits in areas such as treating inflammatory conditions and neurological disorders.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a white crystalline powder with a faint odor. The compound is generally odorless but may emit a slight acidic smell when exposed to air.
The molar mass of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is approximately 152.14 g/mol, and its density is around 1.34 g/cm³. These values are similar to common household items such as sugar (molar mass of 342.3 g/mol, density of 1.58 g/cm³) and vinegar (molar mass of 60.05 g/mol, density of 1.05 g/cm³).
The melting point of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is around 158.5°C, while its boiling point is approximately 301.6°C. These values are comparable to common household items such as butter (melting point of 32-35°C, boiling point of 100°C) and water (melting point of 0°C, boiling point of 100°C).
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is moderately soluble in water, forming a clear solution. It has a low viscosity, making it easy to dissolve in liquids. This solubility and viscosity are similar to common household items such as salt (soluble in water, low viscosity) and honey (soluble in water, moderate viscosity).
🏭 Production & Procurement
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is commonly produced through the microbial conversion of L-tyrosine. This process involves the use of specific bacterial strains that can metabolize L-tyrosine to produce 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid as a metabolic byproduct. The fermentation of L-tyrosine by these bacteria results in the formation of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, which can then be isolated and purified.
Once produced, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be procured from chemical suppliers or obtained through custom synthesis services. Chemical suppliers typically offer 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid in varying quantities and purities for use in research and industrial applications. For larger quantities or specialized requirements, custom synthesis services can be utilized to produce 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid according to specific specifications. The compound can then be transported in solid or liquid form, depending on the requirements of the end user.
Transportation of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is typically done using standard chemical shipping practices. The compound is often packaged in sealed containers to prevent leakage or contamination during transit. Depending on the volume and destination, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid may be shipped via ground transportation, air freight, or sea freight. Specialized precautions may be taken for international shipments to comply with regulatory requirements and ensure safe handling and delivery of the compound to the end user.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid include ensuring proper storage in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents. Personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be worn when handling the substance to prevent skin and eye irritation. In case of accidental ingestion, inhalation, or contact with skin or eyes, immediate medical attention should be sought.
The pharmacology of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid involves its metabolism in the body, primarily through conjugation reactions with glucuronic acid and sulfate. These conjugates are then excreted in the urine. The substance has been shown to have antioxidant properties and could potentially be used in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. Additionally, it may play a role in the regulation of neurotransmitter levels in the brain.
Hazard statements for 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid include “Causes skin irritation”, “Causes serious eye irritation”, and “May cause respiratory irritation”. The substance should be handled with care to avoid skin and eye contact, as well as inhalation of vapors or aerosols. Proper ventilation and personal protective equipment are recommended to minimize the risk of adverse effects on health.
Precautionary statements for 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid include “Wash hands thoroughly after handling”, “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection”, and “IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing”. These precautions aim to minimize the risk of exposure and potential harm to individuals handling the substance. It is important to follow proper safety procedures when working with 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid to ensure the well-being of laboratory personnel and researchers.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is investigating its role as an antioxidant and its potential use in combating oxidative stress-related diseases.
Another avenue of research could explore the pharmacological properties of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, such as its anti-inflammatory effects and potential as a therapeutic agent for diseases characterized by inflammation.
Additionally, research could focus on the metabolic pathways of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the body, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, to better understand its bioavailability and potential therapeutic applications.
Further studies could delve into the interactions of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid with other compounds or drugs, to assess its potential synergistic effects or any possible adverse reactions in various physiological contexts.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid based upon molecular structure is 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid. This compound also contains a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring, but the carboxylic acid group is attached directly to the benzene ring instead of through a carbon chain as in 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid. This difference in structure affects the chemical and biological properties of the compound.
Another similar compound is Phenylacetic acid, which contains a phenyl group attached to an acetic acid molecule. While it lacks the hydroxyl group present in 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, it shares the acetic acid portion of the structure. This compound is utilized in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and fragrances due to its aromatic properties.
A further compound with similarities to 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid. This compound contains a hydroxyl group attached to a phenylacetic acid molecule, similar to the hydroxyl group in 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid. The position of the hydroxyl group on the phenyl ring differentiates it from 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, leading to differences in reactivity and biological activity.
