4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid, a compound involved in the metabolism of tyrosine, plays a critical role in the production of essential molecules such as proteins and neurotransmitters in the human body. While its relevance may not be immediately apparent in everyday life, understanding its function is crucial in maintaining proper physiological processes and overall health. Without the proper regulation of 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid and its related metabolic pathways, individuals may experience a range of health issues related to protein synthesis and neurotransmitter function. It is essential for researchers and healthcare professionals to continue studying and monitoring the impact of this compound on human health in order to develop effective treatments and interventions for related disorders.
Table of Contents:
Commercial Applications
Chemical & Physical Properties
Production & Procurement
Safety Considerations
Potential Research Directions
Related Compounds
Commercial Applications
4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid has limited commercial and industrial applications due to its instability and potential hazards. However, it is used in small quantities for research purposes, particularly in the study of metabolic pathways and enzymatic reactions.
In the field of drug development, 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid is not commonly used in medications due to its toxic and reactive nature. However, it has been studied as a potential precursor for the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds, particularly in the field of medicinal chemistry.
Although not widely utilized in commercial or industrial settings, 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid plays a crucial role in biochemical research and understanding certain metabolic processes. Its unique properties make it a valuable tool for studying specific enzymatic reactions and pathways in biological systems.
Chemical & Physical Properties
The 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid is a white crystalline solid with a slight odor. It appears as a fine powder and does not possess a strong distinct smell.
With a molar mass of approximately 198.14 g/mol and a density of 1.429 g/cm3, 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid is heavier than common food items. For comparison, the molar mass and density of sugar, a common food item, are 342.30 g/mol and 1.59 g/cm3, respectively.
4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid has a melting point of 174-176°C and a boiling point of 315.7°C. These properties are notably higher than those of common food items such as butter and chocolate, which have melting points below 40°C.
This compound is sparingly soluble in water and is characterized by a moderate viscosity. In comparison to common food items like salt and sugar, which are highly soluble in water, 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid exhibits lower solubility.
Production & Procurement
4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid is produced through a series of chemical reactions involving the condensation of fumaric acid and acetylacetone. This process typically takes place in a controlled laboratory setting under specific temperature and pressure conditions to ensure a high yield of the desired product.
Procurement of 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid can be accomplished through specialized chemical suppliers who produce and distribute the compound for research and industrial purposes. The chemical is typically packaged in glass or plastic containers to prevent contamination or degradation during transport and storage.
Transportation of 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid is usually done through reputable chemical shipping companies that adhere to strict regulations for handling hazardous materials. The compound is classified as a hazardous substance due to its potential reactivity and toxicity, requiring proper labeling and handling procedures during shipment.
Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid include the potential for skin and eye irritation upon contact. It is recommended to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, when handling this compound. Additionally, 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid should be stored in a well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials to prevent hazardous reactions.
Hazard statements for 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid include “Causes skin and eye irritation” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” These statements highlight the potential dangers of exposure to this compound and emphasize the importance of taking precautions to prevent harmful effects. It is essential to handle 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid with care and follow recommended safety protocols to minimize the risk of accidents or injuries.
Precautionary statements for 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid advise wearing protective gloves, eye protection, and face protection when handling this compound. It is also recommended to avoid breathing in dust, fume, gas, mist, vapors, or spray generated from its use. In case of skin contact, immediate action should be taken to remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Additionally, any spills or leaks should be cleaned up promptly and disposed of according to regulations to prevent environmental contamination.
Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid involves its role in the biosynthesis of tyrosine, a crucial amino acid in the body. Further investigation into the enzymatic pathways involved in the conversion of 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid to tyrosine could provide valuable insights into metabolic disorders related to tyrosine production.
Another promising avenue of research is the potential therapeutic applications of 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type I. By elucidating the mechanisms of action of 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid on the pathways affected by this disorder, researchers may uncover novel treatment options or targets for drug development.
Additionally, exploring the chemical reactivity of 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid could reveal its potential as a versatile building block for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals or organic molecules. Investigating the reactions and transformations that 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid can undergo may lead to the discovery of new synthetic methodologies or applications in organic chemistry.
Lastly, the study of 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid’s interactions with other biomolecules, such as enzymes or proteins, could provide valuable insights into its biological activities and potential regulatory roles. Understanding the molecular interactions of 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid in a biological context may open up new avenues for research in biochemistry and molecular biology.
Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid based upon molecular structure is fumarylacetoacetic acid. This compound is a key intermediate in the metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine. It plays a crucial role in the breakdown of these amino acids in the body.
Another similar compound is maleylacetoacetic acid. This compound is also involved in the catabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine. It serves as an intermediate in the formation of fumarate, which is essential for the citric acid cycle in cells.
Furthermore, mesaconic acid is a similar compound to 4-Fumarylacetoacetic acid. This compound is formed during the breakdown of citric acid cycle intermediates and is involved in the synthesis of pyruvate. Mesaconic acid plays a vital role in energy production in cells.
