4-Chlorophenol is a chemical compound that has various applications in everyday life. It is commonly used in the production of pesticides, disinfectants, and pharmaceuticals. In addition, 4-Chlorophenol is used in the manufacturing of plastics, dyes, and other industrial products. Its presence in our daily lives highlights the importance of understanding its properties and potential impact on human health and the environment.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
4-Chlorophenol, a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5ClO, finds various commercial and industrial applications. It is utilized as an intermediate in the production of pesticides, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, it is used as a precursor in the manufacturing of dyes, resins, and disinfectants.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 4-Chlorophenol serves as a building block in the synthesis of certain pharmaceuticals. It is a key ingredient in the production of antiseptics and topical antifungal agents. Moreover, this compound is used in the formulation of some veterinary medicines for dermatological applications.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4-Chlorophenol is a colorless to pale yellow solid with a strong, medicinal odor. It is soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. Its odor is reminiscent of antiseptic solutions, making it easily distinguishable in a laboratory setting.
With a molar mass of 128.56 g/mol and a density of 1.30 g/cm³, 4-Chlorophenol falls within the range of common household items in terms of molar mass and density. For example, the molar mass of table salt (NaCl) is 58.44 g/mol, and its density is 2.16 g/cm³.
4-Chlorophenol has a melting point of 42.5°C and a boiling point of 218.5°C. These values are comparatively lower than those of common household items such as sugar, with a melting point of 186°C, and water, with a boiling point of 100°C.
This compound is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of approximately 85 g/L at room temperature. In terms of viscosity, 4-Chlorophenol is less viscous than household liquids such as honey, but more viscous than water.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4-Chlorophenol is typically produced through the chlorination of phenol in the presence of a suitable catalyst. This process involves introducing chlorine gas to a solution of phenol in an alkaline medium, resulting in the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the phenol ring with a chlorine atom.
4-Chlorophenol can be procured through various chemical suppliers that specialize in aromatic compounds. The compound is commonly available in both liquid and solid forms, depending on the specific requirements of the end-user. Transportation of 4-Chlorophenol is usually carried out in sealed containers to prevent leakage and exposure to air.
Procurement of 4-Chlorophenol may also involve custom synthesis services for specific applications requiring high purity levels. These services typically involve collaboration with experienced chemists who can tailor the synthesis process to meet the customer’s exact specifications. Transportation of custom-synthesized 4-Chlorophenol may require specialized handling and packaging to ensure product integrity during transit.
Alternatively, 4-Chlorophenol can be produced in smaller quantities through laboratory-scale synthesis methods for research and development purposes. These methods often involve the use of standard laboratory equipment and reagents, following established protocols for the safe handling and disposal of chemical waste. Transport of laboratory-synthesized 4-Chlorophenol may involve compliance with additional regulations depending on the quantity and nature of the material being shipped.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4-Chlorophenol include proper storage and handling to minimize exposure to this potentially hazardous chemical. It is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats when working with 4-Chlorophenol to prevent skin contact, eye irritation, or inhalation of vapors. In case of accidental exposure, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately and follow proper decontamination procedures.
The pharmacology of 4-Chlorophenol involves its ability to interfere with biological processes due to its toxic nature. When introduced into the body, 4-Chlorophenol can disrupt cellular functions and lead to adverse health effects. It is important to limit exposure to 4-Chlorophenol to prevent potential toxicity and harmful effects on human health.
The hazard statements associated with 4-Chlorophenol include its classification as a harmful and toxic substance that can cause severe skin and eye irritation. Inhalation of vapors or dust containing 4-Chlorophenol may lead to respiratory irritation and harmful effects on the respiratory system. It is crucial to handle 4-Chlorophenol with caution and follow all safety protocols to avoid accidents and exposure to its hazardous properties.
Precautionary statements for 4-Chlorophenol emphasize the importance of proper ventilation in work areas to reduce inhalation exposure and the use of protective equipment such as gloves and goggles. It is advisable to work with 4-Chlorophenol in a well-ventilated space and avoid direct contact with the skin or eyes. In case of spills or leaks, it is essential to clean up the area promptly and dispose of 4-Chlorophenol according to established guidelines to prevent environmental contamination and minimize risks to human health.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 4-Chlorophenol lies in its environmental fate and transport. Studies can focus on understanding the degradation pathways, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential of 4-Chlorophenol in various environmental compartments such as soil, water, and air.
Another avenue for research is exploring the toxicological effects of 4-Chlorophenol on human health and the environment. Investigations can be conducted to determine the acute and chronic toxicity, as well as the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of 4-Chlorophenol. Such research can provide valuable insights for risk assessment and regulatory decision-making.
Furthermore, research can be directed towards the development of remediation technologies for 4-Chlorophenol-contaminated sites. Novel approaches such as advanced oxidation processes, bioremediation, and phytoremediation can be explored to efficiently degrade or remove 4-Chlorophenol from contaminated environments.
Lastly, studies can delve into the synthesis and applications of 4-Chlorophenol derivatives for various industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. Investigating the chemical reactivity, properties, and potential uses of these derivatives can lead to the development of new materials, drugs, or chemical intermediates with diverse applications.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4-Chlorophenol based upon molecular structure is 4-Bromophenol. This compound has a similar structure to 4-Chlorophenol, with a bromine atom replacing the chlorine atom in the phenol ring. Like 4-Chlorophenol, 4-Bromophenol is used in various industrial applications such as in the production of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.
Another compound with a molecular structure similar to 4-Chlorophenol is 4-Nitrophenol. In this compound, a nitro group replaces the chlorine atom in the phenol ring. 4-Nitrophenol is commonly used as a precursor in the synthesis of dyes, pesticides, and other organic compounds. Its molecular structure is similar to that of 4-Chlorophenol, making it a comparable compound in terms of reactivity and chemical properties.
Additionally, another compound with a molecular structure akin to 4-Chlorophenol is 4-Methylphenol, also known as p-Cresol. In this compound, a methyl group is attached to the fourth carbon atom of the phenol ring. Like 4-Chlorophenol, 4-Methylphenol is used as a precursor in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including chemicals used in the manufacturing of plastics, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances. Its molecular structure is similar to that of 4-Chlorophenol, allowing for comparable reactivity and chemical behavior.
