4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, commonly known as CDNB, is a chemical compound that may not hold immediate relevance to everyday life for the average person. However, it plays a significant role in biochemical research and drug development. CDNB is commonly used in enzyme assays, particularly in studies involving glutathione S-transferases, which are important in detoxification processes within the body. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of CDNB can lead to advancements in medicine and potentially contribute to improving human health.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, commonly known as CDNB, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is primarily used as a substrate for the detection of glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity in biochemical studies. Additionally, CDNB is utilized in the preparation of dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceutical intermediates due to its chemical properties.
In drug and medication applications, 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is used as a precursor in the synthesis of certain active pharmaceutical ingredients. It is an important building block for the production of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy and other medicinal treatments. Furthermore, CDNB is employed in the development of novel drug molecules with specific biological functions.
Overall, 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid plays a crucial role in various commercial, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications. Its versatility as a chemical compound makes it valuable in different fields including biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. Researchers continue to explore the potential uses and benefits of CDNB in advancing scientific and technological innovations.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is a white crystalline solid with no distinct odor.
With a molar mass of 253.53 g/mol and density of 1.69 g/cm3, 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is heavier and denser than common food items such as sugar and salt.
This compound has a melting point of 175-177°C and a boiling point of 431.7°C, which are significantly higher than the melting and boiling points of common food items like butter and chocolate.
4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is sparingly soluble in water and exhibits low viscosity compared to common food items like honey and syrup.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is typically produced through the nitration of 4-Chlorobenzoic acid. This process involves treating 4-Chlorobenzoic acid with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids, resulting in the formation of 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. This reaction is carried out under carefully controlled conditions to ensure the desired product is obtained.
In order to procure 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, one can directly purchase it from chemical suppliers who specialize in providing various fine chemicals. Alternatively, it can also be synthesized in a laboratory setting by researchers or chemists who possess the necessary knowledge and expertise. Once obtained, the compound can be safely transported using proper labeling and packaging to prevent any potential hazards during transit.
Transporting 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid requires adherence to strict regulations and guidelines set forth by governing bodies. The compound should be securely packaged in airtight containers to prevent leakage or spills during shipment. Additionally, proper labeling indicating the hazardous nature of the substance must be prominently displayed on the packaging to ensure safe handling throughout the transportation process.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid include its potential to cause skin irritation and serious eye damage. It is important to avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin or eyes when handling this compound. Proper personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat, should be worn to reduce the risk of exposure.
It is also crucial to store 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid in a tightly sealed container in a well-ventilated area away from heat, light, and incompatible substances. Proper labeling of the container with its identification, hazards, and safety precautions is essential for safe handling and storage. In case of a spill, follow appropriate cleanup procedures and dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.
The hazard statements for 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid include “Causes skin irritation” and “Causes serious eye damage.” These statements indicate the potential risks associated with exposure to this compound. It is important to take necessary precautions to prevent skin and eye contact, as well as inhalation or ingestion of the substance, to avoid adverse health effects.
Precautionary statements for 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid include “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection” and “IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water.” These statements emphasize the importance of using appropriate personal protective equipment and following proper first aid measures in case of exposure. It is essential to handle this compound with care to minimize the risk of accidents and ensure a safe working environment.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid may include its use as a precursor in the synthesis of various organic compounds. Researchers may further investigate its chemical reactivity and explore its potential applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, materials science, or agrochemicals.
Studies on the biological activity of 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid could shed light on its potential as a drug candidate or a lead compound for the development of new therapeutic agents. Researchers may explore its antimicrobial, antiviral, or anticancer properties through in vitro and in vivo experiments to elucidate its mechanism of action and therapeutic potential.
Investigations into the environmental fate and toxicity of 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid could provide valuable insights into its impact on ecosystems and human health. Researchers may conduct studies on its degradation pathways, persistence in the environment, and potential risks associated with its exposure to different organisms.
Further research could focus on the development of new synthetic methodologies for the preparation of 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and its derivatives. By exploring novel synthetic routes and optimizing reaction conditions, researchers may enhance the efficiency and scalability of its production, ultimately paving the way for its commercialization and broader applications in various industries.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is 4-Chloro-2,6-dinitrobenzoic acid. This compound contains a chlorine atom and two nitro groups attached to a benzene ring, similar to 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. The difference lies in the position of the nitro groups on the benzene ring.
Another similar compound is 2-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. This compound also contains a chlorine atom and two nitro groups attached to a benzene ring. However, the position of the chlorine atom is different from that in 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. Despite this difference, these compounds share similar structural features and chemical properties.
Furthermore, 4-Fluoro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is another compound with structural similarities to 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. In this compound, a fluorine atom replaces the chlorine atom, while maintaining the presence of two nitro groups on the benzene ring. The substitution of the halogen atom in these compounds may result in variations in reactivity and other properties.
