4-Aminobenzoic Acid, also known as PABA, is a compound commonly used in a variety of everyday products such as sunscreens, hair dyes, and cosmetics. It is known for its UV-absorbing properties, making it a key ingredient in sunscreens to protect the skin from harmful UV rays. Additionally, PABA is used as a hair dye ingredient to provide color and as a fragrance component in cosmetics. Its relevance lies in its widespread use in products that many individuals use on a daily basis to protect their skin and enhance their appearance.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
4-Aminobenzoic Acid, commonly known as PABA, is a compound commonly used in various commercial and industrial applications. It is utilized in the production of sunscreen formulations due to its ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation and protect the skin from sunburn. Additionally, 4-Aminobenzoic Acid is employed in the dye industry for the synthesis of azo dyes, which exhibit vibrant colors and excellent colorfastness.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 4-Aminobenzoic Acid is utilized as a component in some topical and oral medications. It is known for its ability to act as a local anesthetic to relieve minor skin irritations and pain. Furthermore, its antioxidant properties make it a valuable ingredient in certain anti-aging skincare products, where it aids in protecting against damage caused by free radicals and environmental stressors.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
4-Aminobenzoic Acid, also known as para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), appears as a white crystalline powder with no distinctive odor. It is commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and as a UV filter in sunscreens.
With a molar mass of 137.14 g/mol and a density of 1.372 g/cm3, 4-Aminobenzoic Acid falls within the range of common household items in terms of molar mass and density. It is similar to substances like table salt and baking soda in this regard.
4-Aminobenzoic Acid has a melting point of 187.5°C and a boiling point of 338°C. Compared to common household items like sugar and aspirin, it has a higher melting point but a lower boiling point. This makes it more stable at high temperatures but easier to vaporize.
This compound is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents. It has a low viscosity, similar to substances like vinegar and rubbing alcohol. In comparison to common household items, it exhibits moderate solubility in water and a relatively low viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
4-Aminobenzoic Acid, also known as PABA, is typically produced through a series of chemical reactions starting from aniline. Aniline is first nitrated to form nitroaniline, which is then reduced to yield 4-aminobenzoic acid. This process is commonly carried out in industrial settings using specialized equipment and controlled conditions.
The procurement of 4-Aminobenzoic Acid can be done through various chemical suppliers or manufacturers that produce this compound in bulk quantities. Once procured, the compound can be transported via specialized chemical transport vehicles that adhere to strict safety guidelines for handling hazardous substances. Alternatively, 4-Aminobenzoic Acid can also be purchased in smaller quantities through online chemical suppliers or local chemical stores.
When transporting 4-Aminobenzoic Acid, it is crucial to ensure proper labeling and packaging to prevent any leaks or spills during transit. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight or heat sources to maintain its stability and integrity. Additionally, proper training and safety protocols should be followed by personnel handling the transportation of 4-Aminobenzoic Acid to mitigate any potential risks or accidents.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 4-Aminobenzoic Acid include handling it with care to avoid skin and eye contact, as it may cause irritation. It is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and lab coat when working with this compound. In case of accidental exposure, rinse the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical attention if necessary.
The pharmacology of 4-Aminobenzoic Acid involves its use as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, particularly for the production of the local anesthetic procaine. 4-Aminobenzoic Acid is also used in the manufacture of sunscreen and hair dyes. It acts as a UV filter in sunscreens to protect the skin from harmful rays and as a colorant in hair dyes.
Hazard statements for 4-Aminobenzoic Acid include “Causes skin irritation” and “Causes serious eye irritation.” This compound should be kept away from heat, sparks, and open flames as it is flammable. It is also important to store 4-Aminobenzoic Acid in a well-ventilated area and away from incompatible materials to prevent potential hazards.
Precautionary statements for 4-Aminobenzoic Acid include “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray” and “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.” It is recommended to handle this compound in a chemical fume hood to minimize exposure to its harmful effects. In case of a spill, follow appropriate cleanup procedures and dispose of any contaminated materials properly.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 4-Aminobenzoic Acid is its use as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. By exploring the reactivity of this compound with different functional groups, researchers can develop novel drug molecules with improved efficacy and reduced side effects.
Another avenue of investigation is the study of the anti-inflammatory properties of 4-Aminobenzoic Acid. By elucidating its mechanism of action on inflammatory pathways, scientists can potentially discover new targets for drug development and create more effective treatments for inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and asthma.
Additionally, research can focus on the environmental impact of 4-Aminobenzoic Acid and its derivatives. Studies may investigate its degradation pathways in the environment, potential bioaccumulation in organisms, and effects on ecosystems. Understanding these aspects can inform regulations on the use and disposal of this compound to minimize environmental harm.
Furthermore, research can delve into the potential applications of 4-Aminobenzoic Acid in the field of materials science. By exploring its properties as a building block for polymers or as a corrosion inhibitor, researchers can develop innovative materials with enhanced properties for various industrial applications.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 4-Aminobenzoic Acid based upon molecular structure is 4-Aminobenzaldehyde. This compound also features a benzene ring with an amine group attached at the fourth carbon position, but it differs in that it contains an aldehyde functional group instead of a carboxylic acid group. 4-Aminobenzaldehyde is commonly used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances due to its aromatic properties.
Another similar compound to 4-Aminobenzoic Acid is 4-Aminobenzonitrile. Like 4-Aminobenzoic Acid, this compound contains a benzene ring with an amine group at the fourth carbon position. However, 4-Aminobenzonitrile features a nitrile functional group rather than a carboxylic acid group. This compound is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Additionally, 4-Aminobenzoic Acid is structurally similar to 4-Aminoacetophenone. This compound contains a benzene ring with an amine group at the fourth carbon position, but it also includes a ketone functional group rather than a carboxylic acid group. 4-Aminoacetophenone is often used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and organic compounds due to its versatile chemical properties.