3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, a compound also known as niacin, plays a crucial role in everyday life due to its essential functions in the human body. Niacin is a key component in the production of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and is also important for maintaining healthy skin, nerves, and digestive system. Furthermore, niacin has been linked to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and other health conditions. Its relevance to everyday life lies in its impact on overall health and well-being through its involvement in various metabolic processes.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, also known as nipecotic acid, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a precursor in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals due to its versatile chemical structure. Nipecotic acid is also used in the production of flavors and fragrances, as well as in the manufacturing of specialty chemicals.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects on neurological disorders. Research has shown that nipecotic acid may act as a GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) reuptake inhibitor, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of conditions such as epilepsy and anxiety disorders. Additionally, nipecotic acid derivatives have shown potential as anticonvulsant agents in preclinical studies.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid appears as a white crystalline solid with no distinct odor.
The molar mass of 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid is approximately 141.16 g/mol, with a density of about 1.11 g/cm³. This places it in the range of common household items such as baking soda in terms of molar mass and density.
The melting point of 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid is around 152-154°C, with a boiling point of approximately 365-367°C. These values are higher than those of common household items like sugar and salt in terms of melting point and boiling point.
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid is sparingly soluble in water and has a low viscosity. This places it in a similar category as substances like olive oil in terms of solubility in water and viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid is typically produced through a series of chemical reactions involving pyridine and various reagents. The process usually begins with the reduction of pyridine to form 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine, which is then further modified to produce the final product.
Once synthesized, 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid can be procured from chemical suppliers or pharmaceutical companies. It is often available in the form of a white crystalline powder or as a solution in a solvent. Careful handling and storage are necessary due to its chemical properties.
Transportation of 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid is typically done in sealed containers to prevent exposure to air or moisture, which can degrade the compound. Specialized shipping methods may be required depending on the quantity and purity of the product. It is essential to follow safety regulations and guidelines when handling and transporting this chemical compound.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, also known as THPCA, must be carefully adhered to due to its potential health risks. This compound should be handled in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of fumes. Personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats should be worn when working with THPCA to prevent skin and eye contact.
As for the pharmacology of 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, it is important to note that this compound acts as a competitive inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). By inhibiting this enzyme, THPCA can lead to an increase in GABA levels in the brain, resulting in potential neurological effects.
Hazard statements for 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid should include warnings about its potential for causing skin and eye irritation upon contact. Prolonged or repeated exposure to THPCA may also lead to respiratory irritation. Additionally, this compound may be harmful if swallowed or inhaled, so proper handling and storage procedures should be followed to minimize the risk of exposure.
Precautionary statements for 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid should emphasize the importance of storing this compound in a cool, dry place away from sources of heat or ignition. It is also recommended to use appropriate containment measures to prevent spills or leaks, and to dispose of THPCA in accordance with local regulations. Workers handling this compound should be trained on its safe use and be familiar with emergency procedures in case of accidental exposure.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid could explore its potential as a building block for the synthesis of complex molecules, due to its unique structural features.
Further investigations may focus on the biological activity of 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, including its potential as a drug candidate or as a precursor for the development of pharmaceuticals.
Studies may also delve into the chemical reactivity of 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, exploring its potential as a catalyst or as a reagent in organic transformations.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid is 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydropyridine-1-carboxylic acid. This compound shares a similar backbone structure with 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, but with a carboxylic acid group located at a different position along the pyridine ring. This substitution may lead to differences in chemical reactivity and biological activity compared to 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid.
Another similar compound is 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-1-carboxylic acid. This compound differs from 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid in the position of the carboxylic acid group along the pyridine ring. The change in position of this functional group may result in differences in the compound’s physical and chemical properties, as well as its interactions with other molecules.
Additionally, 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid is a structurally related compound to 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid. This compound shares the same tetrahydropyridine backbone structure but with the carboxylic acid group positioned on a different carbon atom of the ring. The altered position of the carboxylic acid group may impact the compound’s ability to form specific interactions with biological targets or participate in chemical reactions differently than 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid.
