3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid, is a compound found in various plants and fruits such as olives, barley, and green tea. It possesses antioxidant properties and has been studied for its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.
In everyday life, this compound can be found in dietary supplements or natural health products. Its antioxidant properties may contribute to overall health and well-being by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effects on human health.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a precursor in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and antioxidants. Its antioxidant properties make it a valuable ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.
In the pharmaceutical industry, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is utilized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is commonly used in the development of medications for treating conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, it is being researched for its potential role in cancer treatment.
Due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is also used in the production of food additives and dietary supplements. It is often included in products aimed at improving cardiovascular health, boosting immunity, and promoting overall well-being. Its versatile applications make it a valuable component in various industries.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid, is a white crystalline substance with no distinctive odor in its pure form.
With a molar mass of 154.12 g/mol and a density of 1.45 g/cm³, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is similar in molar mass to citric acid and in density to household sugar.
The melting point of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is around 258°C, while the boiling point is approximately 425°C, which are higher than those of common household items such as table salt and sugar.
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid has low solubility in water and exhibits a relatively low viscosity compared to substances like corn syrup or honey.
🏭 Production & Procurement
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid, can be produced through the microbial fermentation of various bacterial and fungal strains. These microorganisms have the ability to convert simple carbon sources into 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid through a series of biochemical pathways.
In terms of procurement, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid can be obtained through chemical synthesis or extraction from natural sources such as certain plants, fruits, and vegetables. The compound can also be purchased from chemical suppliers specializing in biochemicals and organic compounds.
Once procured, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid can be transported in the form of a solid powder or dissolved in a solvent. Care must be taken to ensure the compound is properly packaged to prevent contamination and degradation during transit. Transportation may involve various modes such as road, air, or sea, depending on the distance and urgency of delivery.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid include handling the chemical with gloves, goggles, and a lab coat to prevent skin and eye irritation. It is important to work in a well-ventilated area when using this compound to avoid inhalation of potentially harmful vapors. Additionally, proper storage of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid in a tightly closed container away from heat and light is necessary to prevent degradation and potential hazards.
The pharmacology of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid involves its role as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as lignin, flavonoids, and tannins in plants. This compound exhibits antioxidant properties, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting cells from oxidative stress. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid also shows potential anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the production of inflammatory mediators.
Hazard statements for 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid include “Causes skin irritation” and “Causes severe eye irritation.” This compound may be harmful if swallowed or inhaled, leading to respiratory irritation. Prolonged or repeated exposure to 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
Precautionary statements for 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid include “Wash hands thoroughly after handling” and “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection.” It is advisable to use this chemical in a fume hood to minimize exposure to fumes or dust. In case of skin contact, rinse the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is its role as an antioxidant in various biological systems. Studies could investigate its ability to scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage.
Another area of interest is the potential anti-inflammatory properties of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. Research could focus on its mechanism of action in reducing inflammation, as well as its potential therapeutic applications in conditions characterized by chronic inflammation.
Furthermore, research on the potential neuroprotective effects of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid could shed light on its ability to protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Studies could explore its impact on neuronal function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, which has two hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring at positions 3 and 5. This compound is structurally similar to 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, differing only in the placement of one hydroxyl group on the benzene ring.
Another related compound is Gallic acid, which is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with hydroxyl groups at positions 3, 4, and 5 on the benzene ring. Gallic acid is structurally similar to 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, differing in the presence of an additional hydroxyl group at position 5.
Additionally, Protocatechuic acid is another compound related to 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, with hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 4 on the benzene ring. Protocatechuic acid is structurally similar but lacks the hydroxyl group at position 3 found in 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid.
