3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as salicylic acid, is a compound that is widely used in everyday life for its medicinal properties. It is commonly found in acne treatments, dandruff shampoos, and various other skincare products due to its anti-inflammatory and exfoliating effects. Additionally, 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a key ingredient in aspirin, a widely-used pain reliever that is crucial in managing common ailments such as headaches, fever, and inflammation. Overall, the significance of 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid lies in its practical applications in personal care and healthcare products that contribute to the well-being and comfort of individuals in their daily lives.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as salicylic acid, has various commercial and industrial applications. One important use is in the production of pharmaceuticals, including aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs. Additionally, it is utilized in the cosmetic industry for its exfoliating and anti-aging properties in skincare products.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid plays a crucial role in the formulation of topical treatments for skin conditions such as acne and psoriasis. Its keratolytic properties help to increase skin cell turnover, resulting in clearer and smoother skin. Furthermore, it is used in medicated shampoos and scalp treatments to combat dandruff and other scalp irritations.
Furthermore, 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is employed in the industrial sector for its antiseptic and preservative properties. It is commonly used as a food preservative to extend the shelf life of various products. Additionally, it is utilized in the manufacture of dyes, fragrances, and rubber products due to its antimicrobial properties.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as salicylic acid, appears as white crystalline powder with a slightly acrid odor. The compound is commonly used in skincare products due to its exfoliating properties and ability to unclog pores.
The molar mass of 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is approximately 138.12 g/mol, with a density of 1.44 g/cm³. This puts it in the range of common household items such as table salt (molar mass of 58.44 g/mol) and sugar (density of 1.59 g/cm³).
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid has a melting point of 159°C and a boiling point of 211°C. Compared to common household items such as water (melting point of 0°C, boiling point of 100°C), the compound has a significantly higher melting and boiling point.
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is sparingly soluble in water but exhibits high viscosity in solutions. This sets it apart from common household items like salt and sugar, which dissolve readily in water and have low viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
Production of 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid typically involves the conversion of 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde through a series of chemical reactions. This can include the oxidation of 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde to form 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid using oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite or potassium permanganate.
Procurement of 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be done through various chemical suppliers or manufacturers. The compound is typically available in both solid and liquid forms, with purity levels varying depending on the source. Transportation of 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is usually done in sealed containers to prevent contamination or degradation during transit.
Once procured, 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to ensure its stability. Proper labeling and handling procedures should be followed to prevent accidents or misuse of the compound. It is important to comply with local regulations and safety guidelines when working with 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid to minimize risks to personnel and the environment.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid include the potential for skin and eye irritation upon contact. It is essential to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, when handling this chemical. In case of accidental exposure, it is advised to rinse the affected area thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if necessary.
In terms of pharmacology, 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a compound that has been studied for its antioxidant properties in various biological systems. Research has shown its potential in scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage. This compound has also been explored for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, making it a promising candidate for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
The hazard statements for 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid include its classification as a skin irritant and eye irritant. It is important to avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of this chemical to prevent irritation or allergic reactions. Additionally, it is recommended to store 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances to minimize the risk of accidents or chemical reactions.
Precautionary statements for 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid involve handling this chemical with care to prevent potential hazards. It is crucial to work in a well-ventilated area and wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize exposure. In case of spills or leaks, it is important to clean up the area immediately and dispose of any contaminated materials following proper safety regulations. Regular monitoring of exposure levels and adherence to safety protocols are essential when working with 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid to ensure a safe work environment.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid include its use as a precursor for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. The compound’s hydroxyl group makes it a versatile building block for the creation of bioactive molecules with potential medicinal properties. Further investigation into the specific chemical reactions and pathways involved in these syntheses could lead to the development of new drugs.
Additionally, 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid has shown antioxidant properties in preliminary studies, indicating its potential role in mitigating oxidative stress and protecting against cellular damage. Research into the mechanisms underlying its antioxidant activity could yield insights into novel therapeutic strategies for conditions associated with oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative diseases and aging-related disorders.
Moreover, the structural similarity of 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid to salicylic acid, a well-known compound with anti-inflammatory properties, suggests that further exploration of its biological effects may uncover anti-inflammatory properties. Investigating its interactions with inflammatory pathways and immune responses could reveal its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory conditions, paving the way for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs based on this compound.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid based upon molecular structure is 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-Hydroxybenzoic acid. It differs from 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid by the position of the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring, which is located at the para position instead of the meta position. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is commonly used in the manufacturing of UV stabilizers, pharmaceuticals, and food preservatives due to its antioxidant properties.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure to 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as Protocatechuic acid. It is a dihydroxybenzoic acid derivative that contains two hydroxyl groups positioned at the meta and para positions on the benzene ring. Protocatechuic acid is found in various plants and fruits and has been studied for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.
One more compound that shares a similar molecular structure with 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is Gallic acid, also known as 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid. Gallic acid contains three hydroxyl groups located at the meta, para, and ortho positions on the benzene ring. It is commonly found in plants such as gallnuts, tea leaves, and grapes, and has been investigated for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Gallic acid is also used in the production of ink dyes, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
