3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate, also known as carnitine, plays a crucial role in the everyday lives of individuals. This compound is essential for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy production, making it vital for various metabolic processes in the body. Carnitine is naturally synthesized in the liver and kidneys, but can also be obtained through dietary sources such as meat and dairy products. Overall, the presence of carnitine in the body impacts energy levels, muscle function, and overall metabolism, highlighting its significance in everyday functioning.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate, also known as carnitine, is commonly used in commercial and industrial applications as a dietary supplement and weight loss aid due to its role in fatty acid metabolism. It is often included in energy drinks, sports supplements, and weight loss products.
In addition to its commercial applications, 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate has important drug and medication applications. It is frequently used in the treatment of certain metabolic disorders, as well as in some cases of angina and heart failure. It is also used as a potential therapy for improving exercise performance and recovery.
Furthermore, 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate is used in the production of infant formulas and medical foods for individuals with specific nutritional needs. Its role in fatty acid metabolism makes it a valuable component in products designed to support healthy growth and development, particularly in infants and those with metabolic disorders.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate is a colorless, odorless solid at room temperature. It has a faintly sweet taste when dissolved in water.
The molar mass of 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate is approximately 176.23 g/mol, and its density is around 1.168 g/cm3. Compared to common household items, this compound has a higher molar mass and density than water, but similar to that of sugar.
The melting point of 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate is around 205-210°C, while the boiling point is approximately 300-305°C. These values are much higher than those of water and sugar, making this compound more resistant to changes in temperature.
3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate is highly soluble in water, forming a clear and colorless solution. It has a low viscosity, similar to that of sugar dissolved in water. Compared to common household items, this compound exhibits higher solubility and lower viscosity than oils and fats.
🏭 Production & Procurement
3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate, also known as carnitine, is primarily produced in the liver and kidneys. This compound is derived from the amino acids lysine and methionine through a multi-step enzymatic process. The final step in the biosynthesis of 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate involves the action of the enzyme trimethyllysine hydroxylase.
3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate can be procured from various dietary sources, such as red meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products. Additionally, this compound is available in supplement form for individuals who may have a deficiency or require higher levels for specific health conditions. Once procured, 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate can be transported throughout the body via the bloodstream to different tissues where it plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism.
In order to ensure optimal levels of 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate in the body, individuals can incorporate carnitine-rich foods into their diet or consider dietary supplements. The transportation of 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate is facilitated by carnitine acyltransferases, which help shuttle fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy production. Overall, the production and procurement of 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate are essential processes for maintaining proper cellular function and energy metabolism in the human body.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate include proper handling and storage to prevent potential hazards. It is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment when working with this compound, such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats. Additionally, working in a well-ventilated area and avoiding contact with skin and eyes is essential to ensure safety.
In terms of pharmacology, 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate is a molecule that has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects. It is believed to play a role in various metabolic pathways in the body, particularly in energy production and cellular regulation. Research suggests that this compound may have applications in treating certain metabolic disorders and neurological conditions, although further studies are needed to fully understand its pharmacological effects.
Hazard statements for 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate include warnings about its potential to cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. This compound may also be harmful if swallowed or inhaled, leading to adverse health effects. It is important to handle 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate with caution and to follow proper safety protocols to minimize the risk of exposure.
Precautionary statements for 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate recommend storing the compound in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials. To prevent accidents, it is important to keep this substance out of reach of children and pets. In case of spills or leaks, it is recommended to contain the material and dispose of it properly according to local regulations. Taking these precautions can help reduce the risk of incidents and ensure safe handling of 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate, a carnitine derivative, may focus on its role in energy metabolism and potential applications in treating metabolic disorders.
Additionally, further investigation could explore the impact of 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate on muscle function and exercise performance, particularly in athletes and individuals with muscle-related conditions.
Furthermore, studies could delve into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate to elucidate its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate based on molecular structure is 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanal. This compound shares the same 3-hydroxy and 4-trimethylammonio groups as 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate, but has an aldehyde functional group (–CHO) instead of a carboxylic acid functional group (-COOH). 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanal can be found in biological systems as an intermediate in various metabolic pathways.
Another similar compound is 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid. This compound differs from 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate by having a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) instead of a methyl ester group (-COOCH3) on the carbon chain. 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid is also a metabolite involved in cellular processes and can be found in certain tissues in the human body.
A third similar compound is 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutylamine. This compound shares the same 3-hydroxy and 4-trimethylammonio groups as 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate, but has an amine functional group (-NH2) instead of a carboxylic acid functional group (-COOH). 3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutylamine is a biologically relevant compound that plays a role in various biochemical processes within living organisms.
