3-Chloro-2-butanol is a chemical compound that holds significance in various industries and applications. This compound can be used as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other fine chemicals. Its properties make it a valuable intermediate in the production of various products that are used in everyday life, such as medications, pesticides, and industrial solvents. Additionally, 3-Chloro-2-butanol can be utilized in the development of new materials and technologies, contributing to advancements in different sectors of society. Overall, the versatility and functionality of this compound make it an essential component in the manufacturing and innovation processes that impact our daily lives.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
3-Chloro-2-butanol, also known as chlorobutanol, is a compound commonly used in commercial and industrial applications. It is frequently utilized as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products, including creams, lotions, and ointments, due to its antimicrobial properties and ability to extend shelf life.
In addition to its role in cosmetics, 3-Chloro-2-butanol is also used in industrial settings as a solvent for resins and cellulose esters. Its low volatility and ability to dissolve a wide range of substances make it a versatile ingredient in the production of coatings, adhesives, and specialty chemicals.
Although primarily known for its commercial and industrial applications, 3-Chloro-2-butanol also has pharmaceutical uses. It has been employed as an active ingredient in some over-the-counter medications, particularly as a local anesthetic and antiseptic in topical solutions. Its mild sedative properties have also led to its inclusion in some cough syrups and throat lozenges for its calming effect on the respiratory system.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
3-Chloro-2-butanol is a colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. It has a molecular weight of 120.57 g/mol and a density of 1.27 g/cm3. When compared to common food items, such as table salt (NaCl) with a molar mass of 58.44 g/mol and a density of 2.16 g/cm3, 3-Chloro-2-butanol has a higher molar mass and lower density.
The melting point of 3-Chloro-2-butanol is -23°C, while its boiling point is 113°C. In comparison to common food items, such as butter with a melting point of around 32°C and a boiling point of around 250°C, 3-Chloro-2-butanol has a lower melting point and boiling point. This indicates that it is more volatile than the common food items.
3-Chloro-2-butanol is slightly soluble in water and possesses a relatively high viscosity. Compared to common food items like sugar, which is highly soluble in water, and vegetable oil, which has a lower viscosity, 3-Chloro-2-butanol demonstrates lower water solubility and higher viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
3-Chloro-2-butanol is typically produced through the reaction of 3-chloro-2-butene with an appropriate alcohol, such as isopropanol, in the presence of a catalyst such as hydrochloric acid. This process results in the formation of the desired product, 3-Chloro-2-butanol, which can be further purified through distillation or crystallization.
Once produced, 3-Chloro-2-butanol can be procured from chemical suppliers who specialize in the distribution of specialty chemicals. The compound is typically packaged in sealed containers to prevent degradation or contamination during transportation. It is important to handle 3-Chloro-2-butanol with care due to its potential toxicity and flammability.
During transportation, 3-Chloro-2-butanol is often classified as a hazardous material and must be handled in accordance with relevant regulations and guidelines to ensure safety. Proper labeling and packaging are essential to prevent accidents or spills during transit. It is recommended to consult with experts in chemical handling and transportation to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 3-Chloro-2-butanol include its potential as a flammable liquid, with a flash point of 49°F, and its ability to form explosive vapor-air mixtures. It is also harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, and can cause irritation to the respiratory system, eyes, and skin. Therefore, appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a respirator should be worn when handling this chemical.
Hazard statements for 3-Chloro-2-butanol include its classification as a flammable liquid, with a danger of explosion if heated under confinement. It is also harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin, and may cause respiratory irritation. Additionally, it may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure, and should be kept away from heat, open flames, and other sources of ignition.
Precautionary statements for handling 3-Chloro-2-butanol include avoiding breathing vapors, mist, or gas, and using only in a well-ventilated area. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials such as oxidizing agents. Skin contact should be avoided, and in case of spillage, appropriate measures should be taken to contain and clean up the chemical. Additionally, it should be handled with care to prevent any accidental release or exposure.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for 3-Chloro-2-butanol include investigating its use as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals due to its chiral nature and potential biological activity. Researchers may also explore its reactivity in various chemical transformations to understand its behavior in different reaction conditions and identify potential applications in organic synthesis.
Further studies could focus on the environmental impact of 3-Chloro-2-butanol, including its toxicity and persistence in the environment. This research could provide valuable insights into the potential risks associated with its use and help develop strategies for its safe handling and disposal.
Additionally, the investigation of the stereoselective synthesis of 3-Chloro-2-butanol derivatives could offer valuable information on the factors influencing the enantioselectivity of reactions involving this compound. Understanding the stereochemistry of these reactions could lead to the development of new methodologies for the synthesis of chiral compounds with high enantiomeric purity.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 3-Chloro-2-butanol is 3-Bromo-2-butanol. This compound shares a similar molecular structure with 3-Chloro-2-butanol, but with a bromine atom in place of the chlorine atom. Both compounds contain a four-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon and a halogen atom attached to the third carbon.
Another similar compound is 2-Chloro-3-butanol. This compound also features a four-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group attached to the third carbon and a chlorine atom attached to the second carbon. While the positions of the hydroxyl group and halogen atom are reversed compared to 3-Chloro-2-butanol, the overall structure of the compound remains similar.
Additionally, 3-Chloro-1-butanol is another compound closely related to 3-Chloro-2-butanol. In this compound, the hydroxyl group is attached to the first carbon while the chlorine atom is attached to the third carbon. Despite the difference in carbon numbering, the presence of both a hydroxyl group and a chlorine atom in the molecule makes it structurally similar to 3-Chloro-2-butanol.
