(2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid, also known as lysine, is a crucial amino acid that plays a vital role in human nutrition and health. It is necessary for the production of proteins, collagen, enzymes, and hormones in the body. Lysine is also important for maintaining proper growth, tissue repair, and immune function. While most people can obtain sufficient lysine through their diet, supplementation may be beneficial for individuals with certain medical conditions or dietary restrictions. Therefore, the relevance of (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid to everyday life lies in its essential contribution to overall health and well-being.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
(2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid, also known as lysine, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a nutritional supplement in animal feed to promote healthy growth and development. Lysine is also utilized in the production of biofuels, as it can serve as a precursor to several important metabolic pathways.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry. Lysine is often included in formulations for wound healing, as it promotes collagen synthesis and tissue repair. Additionally, lysine is incorporated into antiviral medications, where it helps inhibit the replication of certain viruses through mechanisms that interfere with viral protein synthesis.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
(2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid appears as a white crystalline solid with no distinct odor. It is commonly found in its salt form known as lysine, which is an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis in the human body.
The molar mass of (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid is approximately 162.21 g/mol, and it has a density of 1.38 g/cm3. These values are higher compared to common food items such as sugar (molar mass of 342.3 g/mol, density of 1.59 g/cm3), indicating its more compact molecular structure.
(2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid has a melting point of around 224-225°C and a boiling point of approximately 536°C. These values are significantly higher compared to common food items such as water (melting point of 0°C, boiling point of 100°C), reflecting its more stable molecular structure.
(2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid is highly soluble in water due to its polar nature, and its viscosity is relatively low. This solubility in water is similar to common food items like salt, but its viscosity may be lower compared to substances like honey or vegetable oil.
🏭 Production & Procurement
(2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid, also known as lysine, is primarily produced through microbial fermentation. Various strains of bacteria, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, have been engineered to overproduce lysine using glucose or other carbohydrates as the carbon source. This process involves multiple steps of biosynthesis and purification to obtain the desired enantiomer.
The procurement of (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid typically involves the purchase of commercially available lysine products from chemical suppliers. These products are often produced in large-scale fermentation facilities and are available in both liquid and powder forms. The compound can be transported in sealed containers to prevent contamination and degradation during transit.
Alternatively, (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid can also be synthesized through chemical methods in laboratory settings. This involves the reaction of appropriate starting materials, such as diethyl acetamidomalonate, under controlled conditions to form the desired compound. However, this route is less common due to the availability of cost-effective microbial fermentation processes for large-scale production of lysine.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
The safety considerations for (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid, also known as Lys-diaminoheptanedioic acid, include proper handling and storage procedures to minimize any potential hazards. It is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats when working with this compound. Additionally, it is essential to work in a well-ventilated area to prevent inhaling any vapors or dust particles. In case of skin contact, rinse the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Hazard statements for (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid include “Causes skin irritation”, “Causes serious eye irritation”, and “May cause respiratory irritation”. These statements highlight the potential risks associated with exposure to this compound. It is important to follow proper safety procedures, such as wearing protective equipment and working in a ventilated area, to minimize the likelihood of experiencing these hazards.
Precautionary statements for (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid include “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray”, “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection”, and “IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing”. These statements emphasize the importance of taking precautions to prevent exposure to this compound. By following these guidelines, individuals can minimize the risks associated with handling (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research into (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid is a promising area due to its potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Investigations can explore its role as a building block for peptide synthesis or as a chiral ligand in asymmetric catalysis. Furthermore, studies may focus on its biological activities and potential as a drug candidate.
An intriguing direction for research could be the exploration of the structural diversity and stereochemistry of (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid derivatives. This could involve the synthesis and characterization of various analogs to study their properties and activities. Understanding the structure-activity relationships of these compounds could lead to the development of new pharmaceuticals with enhanced efficacy or reduced side effects.
Additionally, research could delve into the environmental implications of (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid and its derivatives. Investigations could assess their biodegradability and potential effects on ecosystems. Understanding the biotic and abiotic transformations of these compounds could provide valuable insights for environmental remediation strategies or sustainable chemical processes.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid based on its molecular structure is (2S,6R)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. This compound differs from the original in the stereochemistry of the second chiral center, resulting in a different arrangement of atoms around the central carbon. Despite this difference, the two compounds share the same overall composition and functional groups, making them structurally related.
Another similar compound to (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid is (2R,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. Like its isomer, this compound differs in the stereochemistry of one chiral center, leading to a distinct spatial arrangement of atoms. However, the core structure and composition of the molecule remain the same, showcasing the relationship between these analogs.
A further related compound to (2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid is (2R,6R)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. This isomer shares the same stereochemistry as the original compound but differs in the configuration of both chiral centers. Despite these differences, the two molecules exhibit similarities in terms of functional groups and overall molecular formula. These compounds highlight the significance of stereochemistry in determining the properties and behavior of closely related molecules.
