2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as gentisic acid, is a compound with various applications in everyday life. This organic acid serves as a key ingredient in the production of medications, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry where it is used in the synthesis of drugs such as antiviral and antibacterial agents. Additionally, gentisic acid is utilized in the field of food preservation as a natural antioxidant, extending the shelf life of various food products. Its versatile properties make it a valuable component in everyday products and processes, contributing to advancements in healthcare and food technology.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as gentisic acid, has several commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a precursor in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty organic compounds. The acid’s antioxidant properties make it a popular ingredient in skincare products and cosmetics as well.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid plays a vital role in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. It is frequently used in the manufacturing of anti-inflammatory drugs, antimicrobial agents, and antiseptic solutions. Additionally, the acid’s ability to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi makes it a valuable component in several medicinal formulations.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a white crystalline powder with no distinct odor. It is often found in the solid form and may have a slightly sweet taste.
With a molar mass of 154.12 g/mol and a density of 1.35 g/cm3, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is similar in weight to common household items such as baking soda (molar mass: 84.01 g/mol) and sugar (molar mass: 342.30 g/mol), but denser than water (density: 1 g/cm3).
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid has a melting point of around 250°C and a boiling point of approximately 360°C. This is significantly higher than the melting and boiling points of common household items such as salt (melting point: 801°C, boiling point: 1,465°C) and sugar (melting point: 186°C, boiling point: 366°C).
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is sparingly soluble in water and has a moderate viscosity. This compares to common household items such as salt (soluble in water) and honey (viscous), indicating that 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid falls somewhere in between in terms of solubility and viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as gentisic acid, is typically produced through chemical synthesis. This involves reacting salicylic acid with alkali metal hydroxide at high temperatures, which leads to the formation of the desired product. The purity of the final compound is crucial for ensuring its effectiveness in various applications.
Once 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is synthesized, it can be procured from chemical suppliers or pharmaceutical companies that specialize in producing organic compounds. The compound is typically available in different grades, ranging from analytical grade for research purposes to pharmaceutical grade for drug formulation. It can be transported in solid form as a powder or in solution form, depending on the specific requirements of the end user.
Transporting 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid requires compliance with regulatory guidelines for handling hazardous chemicals. Proper labeling, packaging, and documentation are essential to ensure the safe and efficient transport of the compound. It is important to work with reputable suppliers and carriers who have experience in handling chemical substances to prevent any accidents or contamination during the transportation process.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid include the need for proper storage and handling. This compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources and incompatible materials. When working with 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat should be worn to prevent skin contact or inhalation of fumes.
In terms of pharmacology, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of salicylic acid and has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used in various pharmaceutical formulations, particularly in cosmetics and skin care products for its ability to promote skin rejuvenation and repair. Additionally, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects on various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Hazard statements for 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid include the potential for skin and eye irritation upon contact. This compound may also be harmful if swallowed or inhaled, leading to respiratory irritation. Prolonged or repeated exposure to 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid may cause adverse health effects, so it is important to handle this substance with caution and adhere to proper safety protocols.
Precautionary statements for 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid include avoiding direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors. In case of exposure, immediate medical attention should be sought, and contaminated clothing should be removed. Additionally, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid should be used in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of fumes and reduce the risk of exposure to harmful concentrations of the compound.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid may explore its potential as an antioxidant due to its phenolic structure. Further investigation could focus on its ability to chelate metal ions and its potential applications in metal complexation chemistry.
Additionally, studies could delve into the potential anti-inflammatory properties of 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid and its effects on pathways involved in inflammation. Research may also investigate its potential as a therapeutic agent for diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation, such as neurodegenerative disorders.
Furthermore, research directions could include exploring the synthesis and modification of 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives to enhance its bioavailability and biological activities. Investigations may also focus on its interactions with biological molecules, such as proteins and enzymes, to elucidate its mechanisms of action and potential pharmaceutical applications.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. This compound has a molecular structure similar to 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, with hydroxy groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms on the benzene ring. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is commonly found in plant-derived foods and has been studied for its antioxidant properties.
Another compound with a similar structure is 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. In this compound, the hydroxy groups are attached to carbon atoms in the 2 and 3 positions on the benzene ring. Like 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid can exhibit antioxidant properties and has been studied for its potential health benefits.
One more compound that bears resemblance to 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. This compound contains hydroxy groups at the 2 and 4 positions on the benzene ring, similar to the arrangement in 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid has been studied for its potential role as an antioxidant and for its ability to chelate metal ions.
