2,4,6-Trinitroaniline, commonly known as picramide, is a compound that has various practical applications in everyday life. This substance is commonly used in the manufacturing of explosives, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. In the military sector, it is utilized as a component of explosive devices due to its high explosive power. In the textile industry, picramide is employed as a dye for fabrics, giving them vibrant and lasting colors. Additionally, it is utilized in the pharmaceutical field for its medicinal properties. Therefore, 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline plays a significant role in a multitude of industries and products that impact our daily lives.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2,4,6-Trinitroaniline, commonly known as picramic acid, has several commercial and industrial applications. It is often used as a dye in the manufacturing of colored smoke for signaling and pyrotechnic devices. Additionally, it is utilized as a reagent in chemical synthesis processes due to its ability to form stable complexes with various metal ions.
In terms of drug and medication applications, 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline is not commonly used in pharmaceuticals due to its toxicity and potential health risks. However, it has been studied for its potential use in cancer treatment as a chemotherapeutic agent. Research has shown that it exhibits cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, making it a promising candidate for further investigation in the field of oncology.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2,4,6-Trinitroaniline, also known as picramide, is a bright yellow crystalline solid. It possesses a distinct odor that is characteristic of nitro compounds.
The molar mass of 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline is 229.11 g/mol, and it has a density of 1.726 g/cm³. Compared to common food items, such as sugar with a molar mass of 342.3 g/mol and a density of 1.59 g/cm³, 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline has a lower molar mass and higher density.
2,4,6-Trinitroaniline has a melting point of 177-180°C and a boiling point of 368-370°C. In comparison, common food items like butter have a melting point of around 32-35°C and a boiling point of around 150°C. Therefore, 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline has higher melting and boiling points than most common food items.
2,4,6-Trinitroaniline is sparingly soluble in water and has a low viscosity. This is in contrast to common food items like salt, which is highly soluble in water, and honey, which has a high viscosity. Therefore, 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline exhibits different solubility and viscosity properties compared to common food items.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2,4,6-Trinitroaniline, also known as picramide, is produced through the nitration of aniline with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. The nitration process involves the substitution of nitro groups onto the benzene ring of aniline, ultimately yielding the desired product.
Once produced, 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline can be procured from chemical suppliers or industrial manufacturers. Due to its explosive nature, special precautions must be taken during its transportation and handling. The compound is typically transported in tightly sealed containers to prevent accidental ignition or leakage.
To ensure the safe transportation of 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline, it is important to follow strict regulations and guidelines set forth by relevant governing bodies. Proper labeling, packaging, and handling procedures are essential to reduce the risk of accidents or incidents during transit. Additionally, those involved in the procurement and transportation of this compound should have proper training and certification in hazardous materials handling.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline include its low solubility in water, making it less likely to contaminate groundwater. However, it is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and may bioaccumulate in the environment over time. Proper disposal methods must be followed to prevent environmental harm.
In addition, 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline is a potential occupational hazard due to its acute toxicity through inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. Protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection must be worn when handling this compound. Adequate ventilation should be ensured in areas where 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline is used to minimize exposure risks.
Hazard statements for 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline include its classification as toxic if swallowed, toxic if inhaled, and harmful if absorbed through the skin. It is also classified as harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. These hazard statements highlight the potential risks associated with exposure to 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline and the importance of taking necessary precautions to prevent adverse effects.
Precautionary statements for 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline recommend avoiding release into the environment and wearing protective gloves and clothing when handling the compound. It is advised to wash hands thoroughly after handling and to dispose of contaminated clothing properly. In case of accidental exposure or ingestion, medical attention should be sought immediately, and the relevant safety data sheet should be consulted for further guidance on safe handling practices.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction of 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline (Tetryl) could involve its role as a high-energy explosive compound, particularly in the development of new energetic materials for military and defense applications.
Another area of research could focus on the environmental impact of Tetryl, including its persistence in soil and water, as well as its potential toxicity to aquatic life and human health. Understanding the biodegradation and fate of Tetryl in various environmental matrices could provide valuable insights for risk assessment and remediation strategies.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline based upon molecular structure is 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT). TNT is a yellow, odorless solid that is widely used as an explosive material. It shares a similar molecular structure to 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline, with three nitro groups attached to the benzene ring.
Another related compound is Trinitrophenol, also known as picric acid. Like 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline, picric acid contains three nitro groups attached to a phenol ring. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of dyes, as well as in the production of explosives. Picric acid is a yellow crystalline solid that is highly explosive when in contact with metals or metal salts.
One more compound similar to 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline is 2,4-Dinitroaniline. This compound contains two nitro groups attached to the benzene ring, making it structurally similar to 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline. 2,4-Dinitroaniline is used in the production of dyes and pigments, as well as in herbicides and fungicides. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is relatively stable under normal conditions.
