2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as gentisic acid, is a compound that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is a naturally occurring antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by harmful free radicals. Additionally, this compound has been studied for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it potentially useful in treating conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. Incorporating foods rich in 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid into one’s diet may help promote overall health and well-being.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as caffeic acid, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as an antioxidant in the food industry to prevent oxidation and spoilage in food products. Additionally, it is utilized in cosmetic products for its anti-aging and skin-brightening properties.
In terms of drug and medication applications, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects. It has shown anti-inflammatory properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of various conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, it has demonstrated antimicrobial properties, making it a candidate for use in pharmaceuticals targeting infections caused by bacteria and fungi.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a white, crystalline solid with a slight acrid odor. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and is commonly used in the production of pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals.
With a molar mass of 154.11 g/mol and a density of 1.372 g/cm³, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is lighter than common household items like table salt (NaCl) and sugar (sucrose). Its relatively low density allows for easy handling and transportation.
The melting point of 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is approximately 215°C, while the boiling point is around 323°C. Compared to common household items like butter and chocolate, it has a higher melting point and boiling point, making it more stable under heat.
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is highly soluble in water, with a moderate viscosity. This makes it easier to dissolve and mix in various solutions compared to common household items like cornstarch and baking powder, which may have lower solubility and higher viscosity in water.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as gentisic acid, is commonly produced through chemical synthesis in laboratory settings. This compound is typically derived from salicylic acid or its derivatives through hydrolysis or oxidation processes. The production of 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid involves precise control over reaction conditions and purification steps to ensure a high yield of the desired compound.
The procurement of 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid can be achieved through various commercial suppliers who specialize in providing fine chemicals to research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and other industries. This compound is commonly available in both solid and liquid forms, depending on the specific requirements of the end-user. In terms of transportation, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is typically packaged and shipped in accordance with standard industry regulations to ensure its safe arrival at the designated destination.
Upon receipt, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid should be handled and stored in accordance with the supplier’s recommendations to maintain its stability and purity. Proper storage conditions, such as temperature control and protection from light and moisture, are essential for preserving the integrity of this compound. Additionally, careful handling practices should be observed to prevent contamination and ensure the quality of the product for its intended use.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid include the potential for skin and eye irritation upon contact. It is important to handle this compound with care, using appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and goggles. In case of accidental exposure, it is recommended to rinse the affected area thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if necessary.
The pharmacology of 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid involves its role as a precursor in the biosynthesis of various natural products, particularly in plants. This compound can also act as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative stress. In addition, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid has been found to exhibit antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria and fungi.
Hazard statements for 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid include the potential for causing skin and eye irritation, as well as respiratory irritation if inhaled. This compound may also be harmful if swallowed, leading to gastrointestinal discomfort. Additionally, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid has the potential to cause environmental harm if released into the air, water, or soil.
Precautionary statements for 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid include avoiding direct skin contact and using appropriate protective equipment when handling this compound. It is important to work with 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid in a well-ventilated area to minimize the risk of inhalation. Proper disposal methods should be followed to prevent environmental contamination, and any spills should be cleaned up promptly using absorbent materials.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is its use in pharmaceuticals. This compound has shown antioxidant properties which can be valuable in treating various diseases.
Another potential research avenue could focus on the biological activities of 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. Understanding its effects on cellular pathways and its interactions with different biomolecules could lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Additionally, further studies could explore the potential environmental applications of 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. Investigating its role in soil remediation or its ability to degrade pollutants could provide insights into its ecological significance.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. This compound also contains two hydroxyl groups attached to a benzene ring, but in this case, the hydroxyl groups are located at the 2 and 4 positions on the ring. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, like its counterpart, is a white crystalline solid that is commonly used in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Another compound closely related to 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. In this compound, the two hydroxyl groups are located at the 2 and 5 positions on the benzene ring. Like 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is also used in organic synthesis and has similar physical properties.
Additionally, another compound that shares a similar molecular structure to 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. In this compound, the two hydroxyl groups are located at the 3 and 4 positions on the benzene ring. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is commonly found in nature and is a component of various plant extracts. It is also used in the production of certain pharmaceuticals and food additives.
