2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone, also known as benzophenone-8, is a chemical compound commonly used as a UV filter in various personal care products such as sunscreen, lip balm, and cosmetics. Its relevance to everyday life lies in its ability to absorb and block harmful UV radiation from the sun, providing protection against skin damage, sunburn, and premature aging. By including this ingredient in everyday products, consumers can safeguard their skin from the damaging effects of sun exposure and maintain their skin’s health and appearance.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone, also known as THBP, has various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a UV stabilizer in plastics, coatings, and adhesives to prevent degradation caused by exposure to sunlight. THBP is also utilized as a crosslinking agent in polymerization processes to enhance the mechanical properties of the final product.
In terms of drug and medication applications, 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone is known for its antioxidant properties. It is often included in topical skincare products to protect the skin from UV damage and premature aging. Additionally, THBP has been studied for its potential use in antiviral medications due to its ability to inhibit viral replication.
Overall, 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone plays a crucial role in various industries and pharmaceutical applications, showcasing its versatility and importance in modern technological advancements.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone is a white crystalline solid with no distinct odor. It has a chemical formula C13H10O5 and a molar mass of 242.22 g/mol. Its density is approximately 1.42 g/cm3. In comparison, common food items such as sugar and salt have molar masses ranging from 58 to 584 g/mol and densities ranging from 1.54 to 2.16 g/cm3.
2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone has a melting point of about 283-286°C and a boiling point of about 496-498°C. In contrast, common food items such as butter and chocolate have melting points ranging from 30 to 38°C and boiling points ranging from 200 to 350°C. The significantly higher melting and boiling points of 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone highlight its stability and resistance to high temperatures.
2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone is sparingly soluble in water and exhibits a low viscosity. In comparison, common food items like salt and sugar are highly soluble in water and have varying viscosities depending on their concentration. The low solubility and viscosity of 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone may impact its interactions with other substances and its applications in various industries.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone is typically produced through the reaction of benzophenone with potassium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. This reaction results in the formation of the desired compound, which can then be purified using standard techniques such as crystallization or chromatography.
To procure 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone, one would typically contact a chemical supplier specializing in the synthesis and distribution of specialty chemicals. The compound can be purchased in bulk quantities or as a custom order, depending on the specific needs of the buyer. Once procured, the compound can be transported using standard methods of chemical shipment, such as in sealed containers or drums.
Given its specialized nature, 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone may not be readily available from all chemical suppliers. To locate a source for this compound, one may need to consult industry directories, chemical catalogs, or contact research institutions or chemical manufacturers directly. Proper documentation and compliance with regulations related to the transport of hazardous chemicals may be required when procuring and shipping this compound.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone include the potential for skin irritation and eye irritation. It is important to avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, and to wash thoroughly after handling. In case of inhalation, move to fresh air. In case of ingestion, seek medical advice immediately.
Hazard statements for 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone include “Causes skin irritation” and “Causes serious eye irritation.” It is important to wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection when handling this substance. If on skin, wash with plenty of soap and water. If in eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Precautionary statements for 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone include “Obtain special instructions before use” and “Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.” It is important to keep container tightly closed and store in a well-ventilated place. Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone, also known as THBP, may focus on its potential applications in the field of organic synthesis due to its unique chemical structure and properties. Investigation into its reactivity and ability to form various derivatives could lead to the development of new organic compounds with specific functionalities.
Studies may also explore the potential pharmacological properties of 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone, looking at its potential as a drug candidate or as a lead compound for drug development. Research on its biological activities and mechanisms of action could provide valuable insights into its potential therapeutic applications in various diseases.
Furthermore, research may be directed towards investigating the environmental fate and impact of 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone, particularly in terms of its persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Understanding its behavior in the environment and its potential risks to human health and ecosystems could inform regulatory decisions and risk assessments.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone based upon molecular structure is 2,2′,6,6′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone. This compound shares the same benzophenone backbone with four hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene rings at positions 2, 2′, 6, and 6′.
Another compound similar in structure to 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone is 2,4,4′-Trihydroxybenzophenone. In this compound, there are three hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene rings at positions 2, 4, and 4′, rather than the four hydroxyl groups found in 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone.
Additionally, 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexahydroxybenzophenone is another compound with a molecular structure akin to 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone. This compound features six hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene rings at positions 2, 2′, 4, 4′, 6, and 6′.
