2-Oxobutanoic acid, also known as alpha-ketobutyric acid, plays a crucial role in everyday life as a key intermediate in the metabolic pathways of both animals and plants. This organic compound is involved in the synthesis of essential molecules such as amino acids and fatty acids which are vital for the growth and maintenance of living organisms. Moreover, 2-Oxobutanoic acid is also utilized in the production of certain flavoring compounds and pharmaceuticals, showcasing its relevance beyond biological processes. Overall, the multifaceted significance of 2-Oxobutanoic acid underscores its importance in various aspects of everyday life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2-Oxobutanoic acid, also known as alpha-ketobutyric acid, finds various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used in the production of flavors and fragrances due to its characteristic odor. Additionally, it is employed in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and agrochemicals.
In drug and medication applications, 2-Oxobutanoic acid is utilized as a precursor in the synthesis of certain drugs. It can serve as a building block for the creation of pharmaceutical compounds with specific chemical properties. In addition, this compound may also be incorporated into medications to alter their biological activity and enhance their therapeutic effects.
Overall, 2-Oxobutanoic acid plays a significant role in various commercial and industrial processes, as well as in drug and medication applications. Its versatility and unique chemical properties make it a valuable component in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavors, and fragrances. Further research and development in utilizing this compound may lead to advancements in various industries.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2-Oxobutanoic acid, also known as alpha-ketobutyric acid, appears as a white crystalline solid with a characteristic vinegar-like odor. Its chemical formula is C4H6O3.
The molar mass of 2-Oxobutanoic acid is approximately 102.09 g/mol, and its density is around 1.31 g/cm^3. This places it in the range of common household items such as baking soda (molar mass of 84.01 g/mol, density of 2.16 g/cm^3) and table salt (molar mass of 58.44 g/mol, density of 2.17 g/cm^3).
The melting point of 2-Oxobutanoic acid is around 82.5°C, while its boiling point is approximately 390°C. Comparatively, common household items like sugar have a lower melting point (about 186°C) and boiling point (around 368°C).
2-Oxobutanoic acid is soluble in water and has a low viscosity. This makes it similar to common household items like vinegar, which is also soluble in water and has a relatively low viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2-Oxobutanoic acid, also known as alpha-ketobutyric acid, is typically produced through the oxidation of 2-aminobutyric acid or the decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid. These processes involve the use of specific enzymes and catalysts to facilitate the conversion of precursor molecules into 2-Oxobutanoic acid.
In order to procure 2-Oxobutanoic acid, one can either synthesize it in a laboratory setting using known chemical reactions or purchase it from chemical suppliers. The compound is stable under certain storage conditions and can be transported in appropriate containers to prevent degradation or contamination. Proper handling and storage protocols should be followed to ensure the integrity of the substance during transportation.
When procuring 2-Oxobutanoic acid, it is important to consider the purity and quality of the compound, as well as any relevant safety precautions for handling and storage. Chemical suppliers often provide detailed information on the specifications and handling instructions for the product. Additionally, users should be aware of any regulatory requirements or restrictions regarding the transportation and use of 2-Oxobutanoic acid for research or industrial purposes.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2-Oxobutanoic acid include its potential for skin and eye irritation. It is important to handle this compound with care, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and safety goggles. Additionally, proper ventilation should be ensured when working with 2-Oxobutanoic acid to avoid inhaling the compound.
The pharmacology of 2-Oxobutanoic acid involves its role as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) in the body. This compound plays a key role in energy production by facilitating the conversion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy. 2-Oxobutanoic acid is also involved in amino acid metabolism and can be converted into other important intermediates in metabolic pathways.
Hazard statements for 2-Oxobutanoic acid include its potential for causing skin and eye irritation, as well as respiratory irritation if inhaled. This compound may also be harmful if swallowed or if it comes into contact with mucous membranes. It is important to handle 2-Oxobutanoic acid with caution and to follow proper safety protocols to minimize the risk of exposure.
Precautionary statements for 2-Oxobutanoic acid include avoiding prolonged or repeated exposure to the compound. It is recommended to use appropriate personal protective equipment when handling this compound, such as gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat. In case of contact with skin, eyes, or clothing, it is important to rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for 2-Oxobutanoic acid include investigating its role as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, such as antiepileptic drugs and herbicides. Additionally, studies could focus on its potential antitumor properties and its impact on cancer cell metabolism.
Furthermore, research could explore the relationship between 2-Oxobutanoic acid and various metabolic pathways, such as the citric acid cycle and amino acid metabolism. Understanding how this compound interacts with different biochemical processes could provide insights into its physiological functions and potential therapeutic applications.
Additionally, investigations could be conducted to elucidate the mechanisms by which 2-Oxobutanoic acid exerts its effects on cellular signaling pathways and gene expression. By unraveling the molecular pathways involved, researchers may uncover novel targets for drug development and potentially identify new therapeutic strategies for treating a variety of diseases.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2-Oxobutanoic acid is 3-Oxobutanoic acid, also known as acetoacetic acid. This compound has an additional ketone functional group located on the third carbon atom of the four-carbon chain. Like 2-Oxobutanoic acid, 3-Oxobutanoic acid is involved in various metabolic pathways in the human body, including the synthesis of fatty acids and glucose.
Another similar compound to 2-Oxobutanoic acid is 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, also known as beta-hydroxybutyric acid. This compound has a hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom of the four-carbon chain, instead of a carbonyl group. 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a ketone body that is produced during fasting or low-carbohydrate diets and can be used as an alternative energy source by the brain and muscles.
A third similar compound to 2-Oxobutanoic acid is 2-Aminobutanoic acid, also known as beta-alanine. This compound has an amino group attached to the second carbon atom of the four-carbon chain, instead of a carbonyl group. Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the synthesis of carnosine, a dipeptide found in skeletal muscle tissue. It is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
