2-Nitrophenol, a chemical compound commonly used in the production of various pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes, plays a significant role in everyday life. It is widely employed in the manufacturing of over-the-counter medications, insecticides, and coloring agents for consumer products. Additionally, 2-Nitrophenol is utilized in laboratories for research purposes due to its distinctive properties and ability to react with a variety of substances. Overall, the compound’s versatility and applicability contribute to its relevance in various aspects of daily life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2-Nitrophenol, also known as o-Nitrophenol, is widely used in commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as an intermediate in the manufacturing of dyes, pigments, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. It is also utilized as a photographic developer and in the production of rubber chemicals.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 2-Nitrophenol is employed as a precursor for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. It is particularly utilized in the production of certain fungicides and analgesics. Additionally, it is being studied for its potential use in anti-tumor drugs due to its cytotoxic properties.
Overall, the commercial and industrial applications of 2-Nitrophenol are diverse and vital in several industries. From dye production to pharmaceutical synthesis, its versatility and chemical properties make it an essential compound in various manufacturing processes. In the realm of medicine, its use as a precursor for pharmaceutical synthesis holds promise for the development of new drugs and treatments.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2-Nitrophenol is a pale yellow crystalline solid with a slightly sweet odor. Its appearance is similar to that of common household sugar, but its odor differentiates it from such items.
The molar mass of 2-Nitrophenol is approximately 139.11 g/mol, and its density is around 1.46 g/cm^3. These values are higher than those of household sugar (molar mass of 342.29 g/mol, density of 1.59 g/cm^3), but lower than those of household salt (molar mass of 58.44 g/mol, density of 2.16 g/cm^3).
2-Nitrophenol has a melting point of around 114 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of approximately 279 degrees Celsius. These values are higher than those of household sugar (melting point of 186 degrees Celsius, boiling point of 368 degrees Celsius), but lower than those of household salt (melting point of 801 degrees Celsius, boiling point of 1,465 degrees Celsius).
2-Nitrophenol is slightly soluble in water and has a low viscosity. Its solubility in water is higher than that of household sugar, but lower than that of household salt. In terms of viscosity, it is similar to household sugar, but lower than household honey.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2-Nitrophenol, a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5NO3, is primarily produced through the nitration of phenol. This process involves the reaction of phenol with a strong nitrating agent, such as nitric acid, under acidic conditions. The resulting product is then isolated and purified to obtain 2-Nitrophenol in its desired form.
The procurement of 2-Nitrophenol can be achieved through various methods, including direct purchase from chemical suppliers or manufacturing facilities. It is typically transported in sealed containers or drums to prevent contamination and ensure safe handling. Additionally, specialized transportation services may be required for the distribution of bulk quantities of 2-Nitrophenol to different locations.
For laboratory or research purposes, 2-Nitrophenol can also be synthesized in-house through chemical reactions involving phenol and nitric acid. This method allows for the customized production of 2-Nitrophenol in small quantities, tailored to specific experimental requirements. However, proper safety precautions must be followed during the handling and storage of this compound to prevent any potential hazards or accidents.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2-Nitrophenol include its potential to cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation. It is recommended to handle this compound in a well-ventilated area and wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. In case of any exposure, immediate medical attention should be sought, and contaminated clothing should be removed.
The pharmacology of 2-Nitrophenol involves its ability to inhibit the activity of certain enzymes in biological systems. Specifically, it has been shown to interfere with the function of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, leading to potential toxic effects. Studies have also suggested that 2-Nitrophenol may have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, further emphasizing the importance of handling this compound with caution.
Hazard statements for 2-Nitrophenol include its classification as a harmful substance that may cause skin and eye irritation. It is also considered toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, with the potential to cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. Additionally, 2-Nitrophenol is classified as a potential environmental hazard, with the potential to harm aquatic life if released into water systems.
Precautionary statements for 2-Nitrophenol include the recommendation to avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin and eyes. It is advised to use this compound in a fume hood and wear appropriate protective equipment to minimize exposure. In case of a spill, proper cleanup procedures should be followed, and the compound should be disposed of according to local regulations. Additionally, it is essential to store 2-Nitrophenol in a tightly sealed container away from heat, sparks, and ignition sources.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 2-Nitrophenol could be investigating its environmental impact. This could involve studying its persistence in soil and water systems, as well as the potential degradation pathways it may undergo in the environment.
Another potential research direction for 2-Nitrophenol could be exploring its potential applications in the field of chemistry or materials science. This could involve investigating its reactivity towards different chemicals or its potential use as a precursor for the synthesis of other compounds. Additionally, research could focus on its potential antibacterial or antifungal properties for various applications.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2-Nitrophenol based upon molecular structure is 4-Nitrophenol. This compound also contains a nitro group (-NO2) attached to a phenol ring, resulting in similar chemical properties and reactivity. The position of the nitro group on the phenol ring differentiates 4-Nitrophenol from 2-Nitrophenol.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure to 2-Nitrophenol is 2,4-Dinitrophenol. This compound contains two nitro groups (-NO2) attached to a phenol ring, resulting in a compound with distinct chemical properties from both 2-Nitrophenol and 4-Nitrophenol. The presence of two nitro groups on the phenol ring increases the reactivity and potential toxicity of 2,4-Dinitrophenol compared to 2-Nitrophenol.
One more compound similar to 2-Nitrophenol based upon molecular structure is 2-Nitroaniline. This compound contains a nitro group (-NO2) attached to an aniline ring, resulting in different chemical properties and reactivity compared to 2-Nitrophenol. The presence of the nitro group on the aniline ring instead of the phenol ring leads to distinct interactions with other molecules and biological systems.
