2-Methylcitric acid, a compound derived from fatty acid metabolism, plays a crucial role in human health as it is a key intermediate in the breakdown of certain amino acids and fatty acids. Elevated levels of 2-Methylcitric acid in the blood may indicate an inherited metabolic disorder called propionic acidemia, which can lead to serious health complications if not properly managed. Therefore, monitoring levels of 2-Methylcitric acid can be essential in diagnosing and treating metabolic disorders, ultimately impacting the everyday lives of individuals affected by these conditions.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2-Methylcitric acid is a compound that finds several commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a precursor in the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, making it a valuable ingredient in the production of environmentally-friendly plastics. Additionally, 2-Methylcitric acid can also be employed as a chelating agent in various industrial processes, aiding in the removal of metal ions from solutions.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 2-Methylcitric acid has shown promise as a potential treatment for certain metabolic disorders. Specifically, it has been investigated for its ability to mitigate the effects of propionic acidemia, a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of certain amino acids and fatty acids in the body. Research suggests that 2-Methylcitric acid may help to improve metabolic function in individuals with this condition.
While the commercial and industrial applications of 2-Methylcitric acid are varied and significant, its potential in the field of drug development and therapy is equally noteworthy. Continued research into the compound’s therapeutic properties may yield new treatments for metabolic disorders and other medical conditions in the future. Ultimately, the versatility and potential of 2-Methylcitric acid make it a valuable and multifaceted compound with widespread applications across various industries.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2-Methylcitric acid appears as a white crystalline powder with a faint odor. The odor is not typically considered distinctive or offensive.
With a molar mass of 192.19 g/mol and a density of 1.26 g/cm³, 2-Methylcitric acid is comparable in molar mass to sucrose (342.3 g/mol) and in density to olive oil (0.92 g/cm³). It is moderately heavy for a compound of its size.
2-Methylcitric acid has a melting point of 174-176°C and a boiling point of 300-320°C. These values are similar to those of paraffin wax (melting point of 46-68°C, boiling point above 370°C). Its high melting and boiling points indicate relatively strong intermolecular forces.
2-Methylcitric acid is sparingly soluble in water and has a high viscosity. This is comparable to molasses, which is also sparingly soluble and highly viscous when compared to other household liquids like water. Its solubility and viscosity are influenced by its molecular structure.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2-Methylcitric acid is typically produced through a multi-step chemical synthesis process. This process often involves the reaction of citric acid with methanol or other alcohols in the presence of acidic catalysts to form the desired 2-Methylcitric acid. Additional purification steps may be necessary to obtain the compound in its final form.
Once 2-Methylcitric acid is synthesized and purified, it can be procured from chemical suppliers or manufacturers that specialize in organic acids. The compound is often available in solid or liquid form, depending on the intended application. Transportation of 2-Methylcitric acid typically involves the use of appropriate containers and packaging to ensure the safe and secure delivery of the compound to its destination.
Procuring 2-Methylcitric acid for research or industrial purposes may require coordination with suppliers to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and safety protocols. Additionally, proper handling and storage procedures should be followed to prevent any potential hazards associated with the compound. It is essential to work with experienced professionals when procuring and handling 2-Methylcitric acid to ensure safety and adherence to best practices.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2-Methylcitric acid include proper storage in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials and sources of ignition. It should be handled in a fume hood or with adequate ventilation to minimize exposure to vapors. Personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and lab coat should be worn when handling this substance to prevent contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
In terms of pharmacology, 2-Methylcitric acid is known to inhibit the enzyme 3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase, which is involved in the breakdown of amino acids. This results in the accumulation of toxic metabolites in the body, leading to metabolic disorders such as propionic acidemia. Research has also shown potential therapeutic effects of 2-Methylcitric acid in treating certain types of liver diseases and other metabolic disorders.
The hazard statements for 2-Methylcitric acid include “Causes skin irritation” and “Causes serious eye damage.” It is also labeled as harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin. 2-Methylcitric acid may cause respiratory irritation and damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. It is important to handle this substance with caution and follow proper safety protocols to minimize risks of exposure and harm.
Precautionary statements for 2-Methylcitric acid include avoiding inhalation or ingestion, and wearing protective gloves/eye protection when handling. In case of skin contact, wash with plenty of soap and water. If 2-Methylcitric acid is swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or label. Store in a tightly closed container in a well-ventilated place. It is important to follow appropriate safety measures and regulations when working with 2-Methylcitric acid to ensure the well-being of individuals and prevent any potential hazards.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 2-methylcitric acid lies in its physiological role and metabolism within the body. Studying how this compound is utilized by various tissues and organs can provide valuable insights into its biological significance.
Another promising avenue of research involves the therapeutic potential of 2-methylcitric acid in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Investigations into its ability to modulate key metabolic pathways and its impact on disease progression can lead to the development of novel treatment strategies.
Furthermore, exploring the chemical properties and reactivity of 2-methylcitric acid can offer new perspectives on its potential applications in various scientific fields. Investigating its interactions with other molecules and its potential as a catalyst or building block can open up new avenues for research and innovation.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2-Methylcitric acid is Isocitric acid. Isocitric acid is an isomer of citric acid, with a similar molecular structure but a different arrangement of atoms. It also plays a role in the citric acid cycle, serving as an intermediate in the conversion of citric acid to α-ketoglutarate.
Another related compound is Methylmalonic acid. Methylmalonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with a similar structure to 2-Methylcitric acid, featuring a methyl group attached to one of the carbon atoms. Like 2-Methylcitric acid, it is involved in various metabolic pathways in the body, including the conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA.
Similarly, Ethylmalonic acid is a compound that shares structural similarities with 2-Methylcitric acid. Ethylmalonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with an ethyl group attached to one of the carbon atoms, making it a structural isomer of 2-Methylcitric acid. It is also involved in metabolic pathways related to fatty acid oxidation and energy production in the body.
Additionally, Citric acid itself can be considered a related compound to 2-Methylcitric acid. Citric acid is also a tricarboxylic acid, like 2-Methylcitric acid, but lacks the methyl group on one of the carbon atoms. It is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle, playing a central role in energy production in cells.
