2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid, also known as beta-ketoisovaleric acid, is a compound that plays a crucial role in the metabolic pathways of amino acids. It serves as an intermediate in the breakdown of the amino acid leucine, an essential component of protein synthesis and muscle repair. Understanding the function of this acid is vital for studying various metabolic disorders and developing potential treatments for diseases related to amino acid metabolism. In everyday life, 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid may have implications for individuals with conditions such as maple syrup urine disease, where the body is unable to break down certain amino acids properly. Research into the role of this compound can ultimately benefit individuals seeking to manage and improve their health outcomes.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid, also known as α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, finds limited commercial and industrial applications due to its unique chemical properties. It is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds and agrochemicals. Additionally, it can be utilized in the production of specialty chemicals and polymer additives.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid plays a crucial role as a building block for various pharmaceutical compounds. It is commonly used in the synthesis of drugs with therapeutic applications, such as antiviral agents and cardiovascular medications. Furthermore, its chemical structure allows for modifications that can enhance drug potency and selectivity, making it valuable in medicinal chemistry research.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid, also known as α-methylacetoacetic acid, is a colorless crystalline solid with a faint odor. It is a derivative of acetoacetic acid and is commonly used as a building block in organic synthesis.
With a molar mass of 132.14 g/mol and a density of 1.17 g/cm³, 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is heavier and denser than common household items such as water (molar mass of 18.02 g/mol and density of 1 g/cm³) and vinegar (molar mass of 60.05 g/mol and density of 1.01 g/cm³).
The melting point of 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is around 140°C, while its boiling point is approximately 210°C. These values are higher than those of common household items like sugar (melting point of 186°C) and ethanol (boiling point of 78.4°C).
2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is sparingly soluble in water, but readily soluble in organic solvents. It has a relatively low viscosity compared to substances like honey and motor oil.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid, also known as α-ketoisovaleric acid, is typically produced through the oxidative deamination of isoleucine, an essential amino acid. This process involves the enzymatic conversion of isoleucine to 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid by a transaminase enzyme, resulting in the formation of ammonia as a byproduct. The 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is then isolated and purified through a series of chemical separation techniques.
In order to procure 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid, it is often synthesized in laboratories using isoleucine as the starting material. The isoleucine can be obtained from natural sources such as plant proteins or can be produced synthetically through various chemical reactions. Once the 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is synthesized, it can be transported in its pure form via standard chemical shipping methods, such as sealed containers or drums, to be used in various industrial applications. Additionally, 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid can also be purchased from chemical suppliers who specialize in providing high-quality organic compounds.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid include the potential for skin irritation upon contact. It is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, when working with this compound. In case of ingestion or inhalation, seek medical attention immediately.
The pharmacology of 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid involves its role as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and organic compounds. It is commonly used in the production of drugs, such as valproic acid, which is used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Additionally, 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid has been studied for its potential antimicrobial properties.
Hazard statements for 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid include its classification as a skin and eye irritant. It may also cause respiratory irritation if inhaled. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, and use in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to vapors.
Precautionary statements for 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid include storing in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials. Keep out of reach of children and pets. In case of spillage, use appropriate containment and cleanup methods to prevent environmental contamination.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is its role in various biological processes. Studies could investigate its interactions with enzymes, receptors, or other biomolecules to understand its impact on cellular pathways.
Another area of interest could be exploring the potential medicinal properties of 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid. Research could focus on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or antimicrobial effects, which could lead to the development of new pharmaceuticals or therapies.
Furthermore, researchers could delve into the chemical properties of 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid, studying its reactivity, stability, and potential uses in organic synthesis. Investigations into its potential as a building block for the synthesis of complex molecules could open up new avenues for drug discovery or materials science.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is 2-Methylpropanoic acid. This compound has a similar molecular structure to 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid but differs in the location of the functional groups. In 2-Methylpropanoic acid, the carbonyl group is located on the second carbon of the chain, whereas in 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid, it is located on the third carbon.
Another similar compound to 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate. This compound also shares a similar molecular structure with 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid but differs in the functional groups attached to the carbon chain. In Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, an ester group is attached to the second carbon of the chain, whereas in 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid, a carbonyl group is attached to the third carbon.
A third similar compound to 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is 2-Methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid. This compound shares an almost identical molecular structure with 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid but differs in the length of the carbon chain. In 2-Methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid, the carbon chain contains one additional carbon atom compared to 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid.
