2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, also known as alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid, is a compound that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the human body. This acid is a metabolite of the amino acid valine and is involved in the breakdown of fats and proteins. It is also a precursor to important molecules such as cholesterol and bile acids.
In everyday life, 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is relevant in the context of health and wellness. Imbalances in its levels have been associated with various metabolic disorders and diseases, making it an important target for research and potential therapeutic interventions. Additionally, this acid is also used in the cosmetic industry for its potential skin benefits.
Overall, 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid exemplifies the intricate interplay between biochemistry and human health, highlighting its significance in everyday life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, also known as alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid, is a versatile compound with several commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a building block in the synthesis of various specialty chemicals, such as pharmaceutical intermediates, agrochemicals, and polymer additives. Additionally, 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid can be utilized in the production of certain flavors and fragrances due to its unique chemical properties.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has shown promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of certain metabolic disorders. Research studies have indicated its ability to modulate various metabolic pathways and potentially improve conditions such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Furthermore, 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has been explored for its potential antioxidant properties, which could have implications for the development of novel medications targeting oxidative stress-related diseases.
Overall, the commercial and industrial applications of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid are diverse and encompass a range of industries, from chemical manufacturing to pharmaceutical development. Its versatile nature and potential therapeutic benefits make it a compound of interest for researchers and manufacturers alike, highlighting its significance in various fields of science and technology.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid appears as a white crystalline solid with a faint, acrid odor. It is soluble in water and alcohol, but insoluble in ether.
The molar mass of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is approximately 104.11 g/mol, with a density of 1.06 g/cm^3. This places it in the same range as common food items like citric acid (molar mass 192.13 g/mol, density 1.66 g/cm^3) and acetic acid (molar mass 60.05 g/mol, density 1.05 g/cm^3).
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has a melting point of 50-52°C and a boiling point of 169-170°C. These properties fall within the range of common food items such as sucrose (melting point 185°C, boiling point decomposition) and glucose (melting point 146°C, boiling point 150-160°C).
The solubility of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid in water is approximately 500 g/L, with a viscosity similar to that of acetic acid. This puts it in line with common food items like salt (solubility in water 360 g/L) and sugar (viscosity similar to water).
🏭 Production & Procurement
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, also known as α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, is primarily produced through the microbial catabolism of the amino acid valine. This metabolic pathway involves several enzymatic reactions that ultimately convert valine into 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid.
The production of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid can also be achieved through chemical synthesis, specifically the oxidation of 2-methylpropanal. This process typically involves using strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate or chromium trioxide to convert the aldehyde group in 2-methylpropanal into a carboxylic acid group.
In terms of procurement, 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid can be obtained from chemical suppliers who specialize in selling organic acids and related compounds. It can be transported in its solid form as a white crystalline powder or in solution form, depending on the specific requirements of the end user. Proper packaging and labeling in accordance with regulatory guidelines is essential for safe transportation.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety Considerations for 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid:
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, also known as α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. When handling this compound, it is important to be aware of its potential hazards. One of the main safety considerations for 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is its corrosive nature. It can cause skin and eye irritation upon contact, and inhalation of vapors may irritate the respiratory tract. Therefore, personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat should be worn when working with this substance.
Additionally, 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid should be stored in a well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition. This compound is flammable and can release toxic fumes when exposed to heat or flames. It is also important to avoid mixing 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid with incompatible substances, as this may result in hazardous reactions. Proper labeling and segregation of this chemical from other materials is essential to prevent accidents in the laboratory.
Hazard Statements for 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid:
Hazard statements for 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid include “Causes skin and eye irritation” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” These statements indicate that contact with this compound can lead to irritation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. It is important to take precautionary measures to avoid exposure and minimize the risk of adverse effects when working with 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid.
Precautionary Statements for 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid:
Precautionary statements for 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid include “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection” and “Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.” These statements emphasize the importance of wearing appropriate personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated environment to minimize the risks associated with this compound. It is also recommended to avoid breathing vapors or mist, and to wash hands thoroughly after handling 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. By following these precautionary measures, the potential hazards of this substance can be effectively managed.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is its role as a metabolite in various physiological processes. Investigating its involvement in cellular metabolism, particularly in relation to energy production and amino acid metabolism, could provide insights into its biological functions.
Another area of interest for research on 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is its implications in human health and disease. Given its structural similarity to other short-chain fatty acids, exploring its potential as a biomarker for certain metabolic disorders or as a therapeutic target for metabolic-related conditions may yield valuable information for clinical applications.
Furthermore, research on the biotransformation pathways of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid by gut microbiota could shed light on its interactions with the gut microbiome and its potential impact on host metabolism and immune function. Understanding the crosstalk between this organic acid and the gut microbiota may have implications for personalized medicine and dietary interventions.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid based upon its molecular structure is 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid. This compound has a hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom of a branched chain with a methyl group. The structural similarity between these two compounds lies in the presence of a hydroxyl group attached to a secondary carbon atom of a branched chain.
Another comparable compound is 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid, which shares a similar molecular structure to 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. In this compound, the hydroxyl group is attached to the second carbon atom of a branched chain with a methyl group. The presence of a hydroxyl group attached to a secondary carbon atom within a branched chain is a characteristic feature shared by these two compounds.
Additionally, 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid is another compound with a structural resemblance to 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. This compound contains a hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom of a branched chain with a methyl group. The similarity in molecular structure between these two compounds lies in the presence of a hydroxyl group attached to a secondary carbon atom of a branched chain.